A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species Author Xue, Wan-Qi Author Song, Wen-Hui text Zootaxa 2007 1633 1 38 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.179451 a006c342-38b9-4097-b9ce-e33341f88bfc 1175-5326 179451 Botanophila Lioy, 1864 Botanophila Lioy, 1864 : 990 . Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826 , by monotypy. Collinomyia Ringdahl, 1929 : 269. Type species: Aricia gemmata Zetterstedt, 1860 , by monotypy. Pegohylemyia Schnabl, 1911: 98 . Type species: Musca cinerea Fallén, 1824 (= Egeria silvatica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ), by monotypy. Synonymized by Michelsen (1983) . Euryparia Ringdahl, 1929 : 269 . Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826 ), by monotypy. Preoccupied by Becker, 1911 ( Chloropidae ). Monochrotogaster Ringdahl, 1932 : 19 . Type species: Monochrotogaster unicolor Ringdahl, 1932 , by monotypy. Pseudomyopina Ringdahl, 1933 : 31 . Type species: Aricia moriens Zetterstedt, 1845 , by monotypy. Diagnosis. Botanophila resembles Delia in general habitus. But Botanophila aedeagus with distal section largely membranous, without sclerotized acrophallus. Pregonite relatively low and small (not prominent), covered with setae of varied sizes and fused anteriorly with central plate of hypandrium. In Delia , the aedeagus is strongly sclerotized and the pregonite is well developed and bigger than the postgonite. FIGURES 1–5. 1. Sternite 5, A. Lobe of sternite 5; B. Apex of lobe; C. Lateral margin; D. Inner margin; E. Length of sternite 5 base; 2–4. Hypopygium in posterior view, F. Cercal plate; G. The length of basal part of cercal plate is the distance between the anterior (upper) margin of the cercal plate and the beginning of the median process; H. The length of apical median process; I. Median process; J. Subcercal structure or subcercal process; K. Submedian processes; L. Lateral processes; M. Inner branch of surstylus; N. Outer branch of surstylus; O. Inner margin; P. Outer margin; 5. Hypopygium in lateral view, Q. Anterior margin of surstylus in lateral view; R. Posterior margin in lateral view. Biology. Larvae are mainly phytophagous. The larvae of B . dissecta (Meigen) , B . humeralis (Hennig) , B . latifrons (Zetterstedt) , B . lobata (Collin) , and B . phrenione (Séguy) live on Epichloe fungus on species of Graminaceae. The larvae of B . fugax (Meigen) and B . humeralis feed on monocotyledons. Larvae of some other species feed on dicotyledons. The larvae of B . gnava (Meigen) and B . sonchi (Hardy) live on flower heads of Sonchus spp. The larvae of B . jacobaee (Hardy) and B . seneciella (Meade) live on flower heads of Senecio (and have been used in Australia for the biological control of introduced weeds) ( Hennig 1970 ). The larvae of B . spinosa (Rondani) and B . turcica (Hennig) from southern France feed on Carthamus and Onopordum acanthium Linnaeus , respectively ( Vitou et al . 2001 ). Flower visitations of adults are just as little known. Adults of B . latifrons can be found on Anthriscus silvester (Linnaeus) in Finland ; B . maculipes (Zetterstedt) can be found on Solidago virgaurea (Linnaeus) in Småland, Sweden ; B . sonchi has been reared from Sonchus oleraceus L. in Europe; B . profuga (Stein) can be collected on the flowers of Archanlica and Geranium in Iceland ; and B . sanctimarci (Czerny) often can be seen around the flowers of Allium ursinum (Linnaeus) in Austria ( Hennig 1970 ). As some of these thistle hosts are significant weeds outside their native range (particularly in Australia ), these anthomyiid flies have potential as biological control agents. The natural predators and parasitoids of Botanophila are mainly Braconidae , Ichneumonidae , Diapriidae , Pteromalidae , Vespidae , and Staphylinidae ( Fan 1988a ) . Distribution . Cosmopolitan.