Lost and found: The Eocene family Pyramimitridae (Neogastropoda) discovered in the Recent fauna of the Indo-Pacific Author Kantor, Yuri Author Lozouet, Pierre Author Puillandre, Nicolas Author Bouchet, Philippe text Zootaxa 2014 3754 3 239 276 journal article 46667 10.11646/zootaxa.3754.3.2 fe375541-8083-43f8-9cf8-b8d75af79599 1175-5326 251551 9E645014-5464-4E7C-8D4A-0B3B52A5AA53 Family Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901 Cossmann 1901 : 124. Type genus: Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865 . FIGURE 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree obtained with the COI, 12S, 16S, and 28S genes. Posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. TABLE 1. Species included in the present work to compile the molecular dataset, with voucher registration, BOLD and GENBANK accession numbers. Family Genus species MNHN BOLD ID COI GB 16S GB 12S GB 28S GB Number Buccinidae Paraeuthria plumbea FM999174.1 FM999126.1 FM999095.1 (Philippi, 1841) Neobuccinum eatoni (Smith, FM999127.1 FM999096.1 FM999149.1 1875) Pisania striata Gmelin , FM999175.1 FM999128.1 FM999097.1 1791 Metula amosi Vanatta , FM999176.1 FM999129.1 FM999098.1 FM999150.1 1913 Cancellariidae Cancellaria cooperi Gabb , FM999156.1 FM999104.1 FM999073.1 FM999135.1 1865 Cancellaria cancellata FM999157.1 FM999105.1 FM999074.1 FM999136.1 Linné, 1767
Plesiotriton sp. FM999158.1 FM999106.1 FM999075.1 FM999137.1
Cochlespiridae Aforia magnifica (Strebel, 1908) FM999160.1 FM999108.1 FM999077.1 FM999139.1
Colubrariidae Colubraria muricata Lightfoot, 1786 FM999177.1 FM999130.1 FM999099.1 FM999151.1
Colubraria reticulata (de Blainville, 1826) FM999178.1 FM999131.1 FM999100.1 FM999152.1
Conidae Conus ximenes Gray, 1839 FM999159.1 FM999107.1 FM999076.1 FM999138.1
Costellariidae Vexillum plicarium (Linnaeus, 1758) FM999163.1 FM999112.1 FM999081.1 FM999142.1
Fasciolariidae Latirus gibbulus IM_2007- NEOGA 027- JQ950196 JQ950138 JQ950151 (Gmelin, 32544 10 1791) Amiantofusus sp. IM_2007- NEOGA 133- JQ950210 JQ950144 JQ950166 34648 10
Melongenidae Melongena patula (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) FM999172.1 FM999124.1 FM999093.1 FM999148.1
Mitridae Mitra lens (Wood, 1828) FM999161.1 FM999110.1 FM999079.1 FM999141.1
Muricidae Siratus beauii Fischer & Bernardi, 1857 FM999167.1 FM999117.1 FM999086.1
Muricanthus radix Gmelin , FM999168.1 FM999118.1 FM999087.1 1798 Nucella lapillus FM999169.1 FM999119.1 FM999088.1 FM999146.1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Cronia sp. FM999170.1 FM999120.1 FN391982.1 Stramonita haemastoma FM999171.1 FM999121.1 FM999090.1 (Linné, 1767) Drupella cornus RÖding FM999122.1 FM999091.1 FM999147.1 1798 Nassariidae Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say, DQ238598.1 DQ238598.1 DQ238598.1 1822)
Nassarius pagodus (Reeve, 1844) FM999173.1 FM999125.1 FM999094.1
Olivellidae Olivella volutella (Lamarck, 1811) FM999164.1 FM999113.1 FM999082.1 FM999143.1
Olividae Oliva spicata (RÖding 1798) FM999165.1 FM999114.1 FM999083.1 FM999144.1
......continued on next page Diagnosis . Shell medium in size, reaching about 20 mm in adult shell length (SL), narrowly fusiform or terebriform, rather solid, with tall elevated spire. Short to medium long siphonal canal, from nearly straight to strongly curved abaxially. Protoconch of planktotrophic larval type (3–4 whorls) in fossil species, with axial ribs on second or third whorl, strong, widely spaced, opisthocyrt, parallel to protoconch/teleoconch border. In most Recent species protoconch bulbous, of non-planktotrophic larval type . Teleoconch whorls slightly convex, sometimes nearly flat, subsutural ramp may be present. Spiral sculpture dominant, of strong cords that may form beads when intersecting axial ribs. Adapical spiral cordlet more or less pronounced below suture. Axial sculpture of variable importance, from inconspicuous, broad and wavy, to sharp, straight or sinuous ribs. Columella smooth or with two oblique, closely spaced, plaits. Inner apertural lip smooth or lirate.
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Family Genus species MNHN Number BOLD ID COI GB 16S GB 12S GB 28S GB
Ptychatrachtidae Latiromitra sp. FM999166.1 FM999116.1 FM999085.1 FM999145.1
Pyramimitridae Vaughanites ? superstes sp. nov. IM_2007- 35222 CONO1106- KF840066 10 KF840067 KF840068
Terebridae Oxymeris areolata (Link, 1807) IM_2007- 30371 JN589001 HQ401700 HQ401637 JQ808977
Terebra cingulifera Lamarck 1822 IM_2007- 16735 CONO340-08 EU015735 EU685670 EU685379 EU015620
Hastula albula (Menke, 1843) IM_2007- 30438 CONO478-08 EU685593 EU685744 EU685451 JQ808956
Hastulopsis pertusa (Born, 1788) IM_2007- 30388 CONO447-08 EU685562 EU685704 EU685413 JQ808967
Myurella kilburni (Burch, 1965) IM_2007- 30459 CONO238-08 EU685511 EU685647 EU685355 JQ808972
Duplicaria albofuscata (Bozzetti, 2008) IM_2009- 10162 CONO1154- JQ809007 12 JQ808726 JQ808948
Pellifronia jungi (Lai, 2001) IM_2007- 30395 CONO292-08 EU685530 EU685666 EU685375 JQ808984
Turridae Xenuroturris cerithiformis Powell, 1964 DQ284754.1 DQ284754.1 DQ284754.1
Polystira picta (Reeve, 1843) FM999109.1 FM999078.1 FM999140.1
Volutomitridae Microvoluta sp. FM999162.1 FM999111.1 FM999080.1
Cypraeidae Macrocypraea cervinetta (Kiener, 1843) FM999155.1 FM999103.1 FM999072.1 FM999134.1
Littorinidae Littorina saxatilis Olivi, 1792 AJ132137.1 AJ132137.1 AJ132137.1
Operculum absent. Proboscis short, with buccal mass at proboscis base, salivary glands acinous, gland of Leiblein small, tubular. Radula with three teeth per transverse row: rachidian with broad base strongly or moderately arched anteriorly, and with large cusp emanating from posterior edge and irregularly spaced additional denticles; subtriangular, narrow but tall, scoop-shaped lateral teeth, with several small additional cusps on inner margin. Included genera ( Fig. 2 ). Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865 (Eocene—Gulf Basin of North America ), Endiatoma Cossmann, 1896 (Eocene—Anglo–Parisian Basin), Hortia Lozouet, 1999 (Eocene-Oligocene—France; Recent— New Zealand , New Caledonia , Madagascar ), Teremitra n. gen. (Eocene—France and Italy ; Recent—Tropical West Pacific), Vaughanites Woodring, 1928 (Miocene—Jamaica; Recent—Philippines, Papua New Guinea ). The status of the nominal genus Petrafixia Cossmann, 1901 , which has been treated as a subgenus of Pyramimitra in the literature, requires discussion. Cossmann fixed Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 , as the type species by original designation. Fusus koeneni ( Fig. 3 C) was described from the Lower Oligocene of the Paris Basin, and is a species of conoidean commonly found in the Pierrefitte Sands ( Lozouet 2012: Fig. 289, 33– 34 ) [from which, incidentally, the name Petrafixia is etymologically derived]. However, there are two issues with this species and its fixation as the type of Petrafixia . The first issue is that the specimen referred to as Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni by Cossmann (1901: 127, pl. 8 fig. 17) when he established the name Petrafixia is not conspecific with Fusus koeneni , and is possibly a buccinid ( Fig. 3 D–F) as already indicated by Wenz (1943) . In fact Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann (1901) resembles some species of the Eocene genus Suessionia Cossmann, 1889 ( Buccinidae ), e. g. S. asperula (Lamarck, 1803) (see Gougerot & Le Renard 1983 : fig. 8). Petrafixia is thus based on a wrongly identified type species. The second issue is that Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann, 1901 , has never been collected again in the Pierrefitte Sands. It is likely that the specimen illustrated by Cossmann was mislocalized, and its occurrence in the Pierrefitte Sands is the result of a contamination, as would indicate its peculiar rust color—an appearance not encountered in any other Pierrefitte Sands fossils. Under Art. 70.3 of the Code (misidentified type species) ( ICZN ), an author may fix as type the nominal species originally designated by the author (i.e. Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 ) or the taxonomical species actually meant (i.e. Pyramimitra (Petrafixia) koeneni sensu Cossmann 1901 ). In both cases, Petrafixia is not a pyramimitrid. Because of the uncertainty on the origin and identity of the specimen illustrated by Cossmann (1901) , we fix here Fusus koeneni Cossmann & Lambert, 1884 as the type species of Petrafixia . FIGURE 2. Overview of fossil and Recent Pyramimitridae . A. Endiatoma quadricincta (Cossmann, 1883) , MNHN.F. A47757 , Lower Eocene, France. B–C . Pyramimitra terebraeformis (Conrad, 1848) , MNHN.F. J08748 , Middle Eocene, USA. D–E . Pyramimitra quadralirata Dockery, 1977, MNHN.F. A47750 , Middle Eocene, USA. F. Hortia priabonica n. sp. , MNHN.F. A47752 , Upper Eocene, France. G. Hortia arriuensis Lozouet, 1999 , MNHN.F. A47751 , Upper Oligocene, France. H. Hortia pseudotaranis n. sp. , New Caledonia, SL 8.4 mm. I . Hortia macrocephala n. sp. , New Caledonia, SL 10.4 mm. J. Hortia paradrillia n. sp. , New Caledonia, SL 8.1 mm. K. Hortia marshalli n. sp. , New Zealand, SL 10.6 mm. L. Hortia spenceri n. sp. , New Zealand, SL 9.0 mm. M. Hortia aotearoa n. sp. , New Zealand, SL 9.0 mm. N. Hortia solitaria n. sp. , South of Madagascar, SL 6.5 mm. O. Teremitra fallax n. sp. , Solomon Islands, SL 11.8 mm. P. Teremitra efatensis (Aubry, 1999) , Vanuatu, SL 10.8 mm. Q. Teremitra ? hortensis (Vinassa de Regny, 1898), Upper Eocene, France. R. Teremitra sp., Taiwan, SL 16 mm. S. Vaughanites ? superstes n. sp. , Philippines, SL 19.1 mm. Remarks . The family Pyramimitridae was placed in the synonymy of Buccinidae by Ponder and Warén (1988) . This position was followed by Bouchet and Rocroi (2005) , who placed the family in synonymy of the tribe Colini ( Buccinidae , Buccininae ). The Recent species of Pyramimitridae occur in deep water ( 270–1588 m ). The two fossil species of Hortia recognized from the Upper Eocene and Upper Oligocene also originate from offshore deposits ( Lozouet 2004 ). On the other hand, the North American species in the Eocene genus Pyramimitra as well as the European species of Endiatoma all come from shallow water deposits. Endiatoma contains the oldest species, from the Lower Eocene, that can be attributed to Pyramimitridae . The shells of different genera are rather similar in major characters. Comparative morphology of shells is summarized in Table 2 .