Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae) Author Wisshak, Max text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-12-29 390 1 99 journal article 21907 10.5852/ejt.2017.390 54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641 2118-9773 3839858 4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987 Fig. 22 Nododendrina nodosa Vogel et al. , 1987: 270 , fig. 4. Hyellomorpha cheimadendritica Plewes, 1996: 184 , pl. 32, figs 1–3 . Clionolithes hirsuta – Solle 1938 (partim): 162, fig. 13 (figs 2–4, 8, 11, 14 = C. radicans , figs 5–7, 10 = C. cervicornis , figs 9, 15, 17–18 = C. pannosa ). Nododendrina – Vogel 1987 : fig. 4. Nododendrina nodosa – Buatois et al. 2017: 161 , fig. 75E. Original diagnosis Rosette-shaped repeatedly branched systems, up to 1.5 mm in diameter (1.06 ± 0.33 [26]). Branches diverge radially, and immediately beneath the substrate surface from a central node (presumably at the original point of entry), with frequent anastomoses. The central nodes are 75–270 µm (163 ± 64 [10]) wide, and up to 300 µm high (207 ± 55 [10]). The node represents the deepest penetrating part of this endolith. Radiating branches originate from the central node as high-crested ridges lowering gradually toward the periphery. The branches diverge in straight line, at angles ranging from 32° to 88° (63 ± 15 [63]), or are curved into U-shaped forks. The branches are high and narrow in cross section, 18–47 µm (30.74 ± 7.56 [100]) wide and 50–120 µm (87.05 ± 19.80 [88]) high, covered with larger and smaller spiny outgrowths. The outlines of these branches appear scalloped in both vertical and horizontal projections. Dorsal spines (i.e., those toward the interior of the brachiopod shell) end blindly, whereas the ventral ones form numerous connections with the shell surface. Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987 . A . SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B . A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. Emended diagnosis From a central node below the point of entry, prostrate branches of rosette diverge radially as highcrested ridges, lowering gradually towards the periphery. Branches diverge in straight lines, at various angles, bear frequent anastomoses, are high and narrow in cross section, and are covered with larger and smaller spiny outgrowths, with dorsal spines ending blindly, whereas the ventral ones form numerous connections with the shell surface. Original description n/a, but see detailed original diagnosis above. Type material, locality and horizon Holotype ( Fig. 22A ) is cast in epoxy from a Mediospirifer brachiopod shell from the Erie lakeshore bluffs S of the mouth of Eighteenmile Creek 4.0– 5.5 km SW of Wanakah , New York , USA . Wanakah Member, Ludlowville Formation, Hamilton Group, Givetian, Devonian. The holotype is deposited in the Institut für Geowissenschaften , Goethe-Universität , Frankfurt , Germany ( Bo 1/1 ). Remarks Plewes (1996) established Hyellomorpha cheimadendritica (a nomen nudum because her thesis was not formally published), which bears close enough morphological similarity to N. nodosa , albeit smaller in dimension, to be regarded as a junior synonym. Furlong & McRoberts (2014) regard N. nodosa as a junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans , a view that is not supported here. Nododendrina nodosa is the largest ichnospecies of Nododendrina , and is the only ichnospecies displaying high-crested galleries, the central node thus being less pronounced in its vertical extent. While N. europaea shows only a single plexus emerging from the main node, N. nodosa shows a plexus on either side of the node or galleries radiating from all around.