Two new endemic species of Bistriopelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Peru, including a new remarkable horned tarantula Author Nicoletta, Micaela 39EBE8FA-0842-4095-915E-7C26A1479456 Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET, UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Urbanización Mariscal Gamarra A- 61, Cusco, Peru. Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Paraninfo Universitario (Plaza de Armas s / n), Cusco, Peru. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. La Cultura 733, Cusco, Peru. 6365 Willowpark Way, Sooke, BC, Canada. mmnicolettal@gmail.com Author Chaparro, Juan C. 27BEB2DB-8514-42E6-B135-04B00C8213A6 jchaparroauza@yahoo.com Author Mamani, Luis B3F1F751-E8A5-40F4-B579-0718A9A2EB17 luismamanic@gmail.com Author Ochoa, José A. 07A449F9-A323-4DB2-A112-2F71D8758196 jaochoac2000@yahoo.com Author West, Rick C. 168C4C45-8203-4033-83BD-A337ED0AA2D0 rickcwest@shaw.ca Author Ferretti, Nelson E. 3A36F4C2-0EBD-48A7-BB4F-984AE0476581 Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET, UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Urbanización Mariscal Gamarra A- 61, Cusco, Peru. Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Paraninfo Universitario (Plaza de Armas s / n), Cusco, Peru. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. La Cultura 733, Cusco, Peru. 6365 Willowpark Way, Sooke, BC, Canada. nferretti@conicet.gov.ar text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-05-12 644 1 20 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2020.644 34356318-6cff-4456-9a65-49c67923e883 3822142 36C56546-78BE-4878-86CC-2726568144BF Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9A64CE8C-D0A4-4100-A6E6-CC8C34BFC987 Figs 1–7 , 14 Diagnosis Males of B. peyoi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other known species of Bistriopelma by a large projection of the cephalic region over a procurved fovea ( Figs 1 , 2 A–B) and by the tegulum of the palpal bulb with a short triangular basal projection (domed in the other known species) ( Fig. 4 A–B). Females resemble B. matuskai in the absence of fovea ( Figs 5 A–B, 6A–B) (present in B. lamasi , B. titicaca and B. kiwicha sp. nov. ) and the undeveloped basal tubercles covered with maxillary cuspules ( Fig. 6E ) (developed in B. lamasi , B. titicaca and B. kiwicha sp. nov. ), but differ by the color pattern with a patch of red hairs in the anterior dorsal abdomen (absent in B. matuskai , Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21), the yellowish hairs on carapace margins and cephalic area (a small patch of rose hairs are present in cephalic area of B. matuskai , Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21) and by the long red hairs on ventral coXae, trochanter and femora (absent in B. matuskai , Kaderka 2015 : fig. 21) ( Fig. 5 A–B), and by the presence of a posterior band of dark pubescence in maxillae ( Fig. 6 D–E). In addition, females can be distinguished from the other known species by the spermathecal receptacles with large granules pointing outwards ( Fig. 7 ). Etymology The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the Belgian cartoonist Pierre Culliford ( 1928–1992 ), mostly known by his pseudonym ʻPeyoʼ, who created the comic strip ʻThe Smurfsʼ. The type locality of this new species is located near the Pampachiri Stone Forest, which is known as Smurf’s house because of the conical rock formations. Moreover, the prominent projection of the cephalic region of the male resembles the shape of the Smurfs’ hats. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂ ; Apurimac , Aymaraes , Tapairihua , Ayamachay ; 14°15′45.00″ S , 73°28′7.71″ W ; 3861 m a.s.l. ; 9 Dec. 2018 ; J.C. Chaparro , L. Mamani leg.; MUBI 73 . Paratypes PERU • 3 ♀♀ ; Apurimac , Aymaraes , Tapairihua , Pampachiri ; 13°55′37.79″ S , 73°26′4.94″ W ; 4027 m a.s.l. ; 8 Dec. 2018 ; J.C. Chaparro , L. Mamani leg.; MUBI 70 . Description Male ( holotype , MUBI 73) COLORATION. Live specimens: Carapace dark covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect; abdomen black dorsally covered with long red hairs mainly on proximal region and on patches of urticating setae; spinnerets black; legs dark with pale yellow hairs mainly on femora, patellae and tibiae ( Fig. 1 ). In ethanol: carapace reddish brown covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region, central thoracic region and carapace margins; abdomen black covered with long pale setae and patch of long yellow setae on dorsal apical region with two dorsolateral patches of urticating setae, ventrally black with book lung markings and region above epigastric furrow light brown, spinnerets black; legs brown covered with pale setae, labium and maxillae yellowish brown, sternum brown ( Fig. 2 ). Fig. 1. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (MUBI 73). A–D . Habitus. Photos: Juan C. Chaparro. Table 1. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (MUBI 73); length of palpal and leg segments.

Leg I	Leg II	Leg III	Leg IV	Palp
Femur	7.72	6.99	6.09	7.37	5.37
Patellae	4.12	3.61	2.77	3.90	3.35
Tibiae	5.11	4.51	3.36	5.22	4.72
Metatarsus	5.78	5.06	4.56	5.96	–
Tarsus	4.04	3.58	3.05	3.46	1.85
Total	27.16	23.63	19.26	25.40	13.97

MEASUREMENTS. Total length, without chelicerae and spinnerets: 18.89. Carapace: length 8.87, width 8.59. Abdomen: length 9.22. Eye tubercle: length 1.19, width 1.52. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.38, PME 0.16, PLE 0.39, AME–AME 0.37, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.70, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.21. Labium: length 1.46, width 1.25. Sternum: length 4.09, width 3.91. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 1 . CEPHALOTHORAX. Cephalic region with prominent projection over procurved fovea ( Fig. 2 A–B). Clypeus very narrow. Anterior eye row procurved and posterior eye row recurved ( Fig. 2H ). Labium with 7 cuspules ( Fig. 2G ). MaXillae with 78–91 (right/left) cuspules ( Fig. 2 F–G). Apical half of maXillae ventrally covered with short spiniform setae. Sternal sigillae small and narrow, located near coxa III (elongated), II and I (oval). All sigillae distant about 2 diameters from margin. Chelicerae with 9 welldeveloped teeth on promargin of furrow and absence of tooth on retromargin. Fig. 2. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (MUBI 73). A . Carapace, dorsal view. B . Carapace, lateral view. C . Urticating setae patch. D . Abdomen, dorsal view. F . Abdomen, ventral view. F . Sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral view. G . Labium and maxillae, ventral view. H . Eyes. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 5 mm; C, F–H = 1 mm. Fig. 3. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (MUBI 73). A–B . Cymbium, tibia and patella. A . Retrolateral view. B . Prolateral view. – C–D . Tibial apophysis. C . Ventral view. D . Prolateral view. Scale bars = 1mm. ABDOMEN. Urticating setae: Type III located in two dorsolateral patches with elongated golden setae ( Fig. 2C ). Spinnerets: PMS, 0.74 long; PLS, three-segmented, 3.15 long. LEGS AND PALPS. Leg formula: I> IV> II> III. All paired tarsal claws with 3–4 ventral teeth on each. Scopulae: Ventrally all tarsi fully scopulated. Tarsi I and II entire, III and IV divided by band of setae. Metatarsus I ⅓ scopulated, II ½ scopulated, III ½ scopulated, IV ⅓ scopulated. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria. Tibia I two-branched tibial apophysis: ventral branch with single strong apical spine and prolateral branch with single inner strong spine, of same length as branch ( Fig. 3 C–D). Metatarsus I contacts apex of ventral branch of tibial apophysis when fleXed ( Fig. 3C ). Palps with cymbial lobes almost equal in sizes covered with long setae ( Fig. 3 A–B). Tibia tapering to the apex. SPINATION. Femora, patellae and tarsi of legs I–IV and palps 0. Tibiae: palp 0; legs: I 2r (apical), 1–1p, 1–1–1v; II 1–1–1–1–2–4v; III 1r (apical), 1–1p, 1–1v; IV 1r (apical), 1–1–2v. Metatarsi: I 1v (apical); II 1–1d, 1p (basal), 1–2v; III 1–1d, 1–1r, 1–1–1–1–2p, 1–2v; IV 1–1r, 1–1–1–1–1–2p, 1–2v. PALPAL BULB. Bulb with narrow embolus projecting retrolaterally from tegulum, sigmoidly curved, and two close subparallel smooth keels, PS and PI ( Fig. 4 A–B). Tegulum with short triangular basal projection ( Fig. 4A ). Fig. 4. Palpal bulb of Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (MUBI 73). A . Prolateral view (arrow indicates the basal triangular projection on tegulum). B . Retrolateral view. Scale bars = 1mm. Table 2. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , paratype, ♀ (MUBI 70); length of palpal and leg segments.

Leg I	Leg II	Leg III	Leg IV	Palp
Femur	7.75	6.78	5.10	6.85	5.33
Patellae	4.54	3.97	3.18	3.80	3.33
Tibiae	5.19	3.66	2.86	4.12	3.62
Metatarsus	3.77	3.40	3.24	4.63	–
Tarsus	2.97	2.89	2.79	2.97	3.16
Total	23.44	20.80	17.89	22.12	14.55

Female ( paratype , MUBI 70) COLORATION. Live specimen: Carapace dark covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region and margins; abdomen black dorsally covered with long red hairs mainly on proximal region and on patches of urticating setae; spinnerets black; legs dark with reddish hairs mainly ventrally on femora, patellae and tibiae ( Fig. 5 A–B). In ethanol: Carapace brown covered with long yellow setae giving a ʻgoldenʼ aspect mainly on cephalic region and carapace margins; abdomen black covered with long pale setae and patch of long yellow setae on dorsal apical region with two dorsolateral patches of urticating setae, spinnerets black; legs and sternum ventrally dark brown; labium and maxillae reddish brown ( Fig. 6 ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length, without chelicerae and spinnerets: 26.21. Carapace: length 9.27, width 8.30. Abdomen: length 12.92. Clypeus: 0.38. Eye tubercle: length 0.91, width 1.42. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.33, PME 0.16, PLE 0.36, AME–AME 0.32, AME–ALE 0.21, PME– PME 0.63, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.23. Labium: length 1.36, width 1.91. Sternum: length 4.77, width 4.63. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 2 . CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace without fovea and cephalic region raised ( Fig. 6 A–B). Anterior eye row slightly procurved and posterior eye row recurved ( Fig. 6F ). Labium with 11 cuspules ( Fig. 6E ). MaXillae with 99–105 (right/left) cuspules ( Fig. 6E ). Apical half of maXillae ventrally covered with short spiniform setae and dark pubescence on basal ventral maxillae ( Fig. 6 D–E). Sternal sigillae small and narrow, located near coxa III (elongated), II and I (oval). All sigillae distant about 2 diameters from margin. Chelicerae with 8 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 1 very small tooth on retromargin. ABDOMEN. Urticating setae: Type III located in two dorsolateral patches with elongated golden setae ( Fig. 6C ). Spinnerets: PMS, 0.96 long; PLS, three-segmented, 3.61 long. LEGS AND PALPS. Leg formula: I> IV> II> III. All paired tarsal claws with 3–4 ventral teeth on each. Scopulae: Ventrally all tarsi fully scopulated and not divided. Metatarsi I fully scopulated, II ⅔ scopulated, III ⅔ scopulated, IV ½ scopulated. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria. SPINATION. Femora, patellae and tarsi of legs I–IV and palps 0. Tibiae: palp 2v (apical); legs I–IV 0. Metatarsi: I 1v (apical); II 2v (apical); III 1–1r, 1p; IV 1–1r, 1p (apical), 3v (apical). SPERMATHECA. Two separated seminal receptacles with large granules, each distally ended with oval lobe pointing outwards without ventral projections ( Fig. 7 ). Fig. 5. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , paratype, ♀ (MUBI 70). A–B . Habitus. C . Habitat at type locality. Photos: Juan C. Chaparro. Fig. 6. Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. , paratype, ♀ (MUBI 70). A . Carapace, dorsal view. B . Carapace, lateral view. C . Urticating setae patch. D . Sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral view, white arrows indicate the dark pubescence in the basal maxillae. E . Labium and maxillae, ventral view (the yellow arrow indicates the basal tubercle with cuspules well developed and the white arrow indicates the dark pubescence in the basal maxillae). F . Eyes. Scale bars: A–B = 5 mm; C–F = 1 mm. Distribution and natural history Bistriopelma peyoi sp. nov. is known from Pampachiri and Ayamachai ( Figs 5C , 14 ), Department Apurimac , Peru , at elevations from 3861 to 4027 m a.s.l, and both are separated by 37 km in a straight line. Specimens were collected during the rainy season (December), under rocks, between bushes and rocky areas ( Fig. 5C ). This species inhabits high Andean puna, where most of the area was covered by pasturelands and introduced pine trees. Throughout the area we could find small villages, farming, and grazing activities of cows and sheep.