World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Author Huber, John T. text Zootaxa 2015 3967 1 1 184 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3967.1.1 17446e98-b166-4d8d-aa19-c2da27aa7b3d 1175-5326 288712 809A05D1-3BAD-4A32-8D56-C91A6B609D00 Heptagonatocerus Huber , gen. n. ( Figs 121–145 ) Type species . Heptagonatocerus pulchellus Huber , by present designation. Diagnosis. Within Gonatocerini, the species of Heptagonatocerus are distinguished by the following combination of features: female antenna with 7-segmented funicle; fl7 wider than long and distinctly shorter than fl6 ( Figs 122 , 131, 133 , 140 ); face without subantennal sulci ( Figs 124 , 136 ); propodeum with two short submedian carinae arising on side of petiole and usually also with a median longitudinal carina ( Figs 126 , 142, 143 ). Description . FEMALE . Medium to large specimens, 768–2076 Μm in length. Colour . Body generally dark yellow to brown, usually with fore wing patterned with brown areas. Head. Head thick ( Fig. 137 ), about 1.3–1.8× as wide as long and 1.1–1.3× as wide as high; in lateral view with evenly convex anterior surface ( Fig. 138 ). Face about 0.8× as wide as high; subantennal sulci absent ( Figs 124 , 136 ); preorbital sulcus straight, appressed against eye to a little beyond lower level of torulus, then separating from eye and continuing to dorsolateral corner of mouth ( Figs 136, 138 ). Toruli abutting transverse trabecula ( Fig. 124 ). Eye in lateral view 0.86× as long as high to as long as high, well separated from back of head ( Fig. 138 ). Malar space about 0.4–0.6× eye height; malar sulcus almost straight to distinctly curved and extending from ventral margin of eye to anterolateral corner of mouth ( Figs 121 , 138 ). Gena in lateral view narrow dorsally, wide ventrally and merging smoothly into occiput ( Figs 138, 139 ). Vertex in lateral view oblique, forming right angle or obtuse angle ( Fig. 138 ) with face (separated by transverse trabecula), posteriorly separated from occiput by transverse sulcus behind ocelli ( Fig. 137 ). Ocelli with LOL about 0.5× POL and OOL about 0.55–0.75× POL, with 2 setae between lateral ocelli ( Figs 136, 137 ). Occiput entire ( Fig. 139 ). Labrum with 4 (possibly 5) setae. Mandible with 3 teeth. Antenna . Scape at least 6.0× as long as wide, with radicle distinct, narrow, about 0.36–0.47× scape length; pedicel about 0.19–0.26× scape length, about as short as but wider than fl1; funicle 7-segmented and fl7 wider than long and distinctly shorter than fl6 ( Figs 121, 122 , 131, 133 ), fl1 and fl7 without mps, fl2–fl8 each with 2 mps; clava about 0.37× funicle length, with 9 mps. Mesosoma . About 1.7–2.1× as long as wide, 1.8–1.9× as long as high, and 0.8–1.0× as wide as high. Pronotum in dorsal view short medially but visible, longitudinally divided medially, the lobes closely abutting (even slightly overlapping) ( Figs 126 , 139 , 142 ), with dorsal area merging smoothly into lateral panel, the lateral panel more or less strongly concave dorsal to most of propleura and base of procoxa ( Fig. 121 ). Pronotal spiracle small, about same size as propodeal spiracle ( Fig. 144 ). Propleura normal. Prosternum rhomboidal, divided posteriorly by longitudinal sulcus extending at least half its length. Mesoscutum in dorsal view with fairly fine (clearly visible in micrographs), straight to anteriorly curved, diverging notauli ( Figs 126 , 142, 144 ). Transscutal articulation almost straight. Scutellum slightly longer than wide. Axilla normal. Prepectus fairly wide. Mesopleuron spindle-shaped and truncate at both ends, with wide, shallow femoral depression and apparently no line separating mesepimeron from mesepisternum ( Figs 121 , 144 ). Metanotum with dorsellum rectangular, its posterior margin distinctly convex ( Figs 126 , 142, 143 ). Metapleuron triangular, separated from propodeum by wide, curved sulcus becoming narrower anteriorly ( Figs 143, 144 ). Propodeum in lateral view ( Figs 121 , 143, 144 ) sloping fairly strongly, in almost same plane as dorsellum; in dorsal view with three posterior carinae—a thin, short to long median carina, and a short, diverging submedian carina level with lateral margin of petiole about midway between median carina and junction with metapleuron—and anterior margin almost always with a distinct transverse sulcus abutting dorsellum (mostly between its lateral margins) usually containing several short longitudinal carinae ( Figs 126 , 142–144 ). Propodeal spiracle small, separated by less than its diameter from metanotum. Wings . Fore wing at most 3.9× as long as wide, and covered with microtrichia only to distinctly beyond apex of stigmal vein ( Figs 121 , 127 , 132, 135 ). Venation about 0.4× wing length. Submarginal vein with the usual two basal setae (1 macrochaeta and 1 hypochaeta) and usually a hypochaeta apically, next to proximal macrochaeta of parastigma. Remaining venation (parastigma + stigma vein) distinctly shorter than submarginal vein, with 1 hypochaeta about midway between proximal and distal macrochaeta, and about 1 or 2 shorter setae between the macrochaetae. Stigmal vein with apex oblique. Hind wing normal. Venation about 0.4× wing length. Metasoma. Petiole wider than long ( Fig. 142 ) to about 3.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 121 ). Gaster about 1.1–5.0× as long as high. Terga without membrane visible between them. Ovipositor sheath as long as gaster, longer than metatibia and at most slightly exserted ( Fig. 145 ), with 1 subapical seta. MALE . Body length 845–1870. Colour . Body generally darker than in female. Antenna . Scape 3.0–3.1× as long as wide, with radicle distinct, 0.14–0.34× as long as scape; pedicel small, 0.3–0.4× length of fl1; flagellomeres each with about 10 mps. Metasoma . Genitalia encapsulated in a sac-like phallobase (see genera other than Gonatocerus in Viggiani 1989 ) or at least with aedeagus not attached to apical sternum of gaster by apodemes ( Figs 129, 130 ). [In this respect, Heptagonatocerus spp. differ from other genera of Gonatocerini.] Etymology . From Greek “hepta” meaning seven, and “ Gonatocerus ” meaning elbowed antenna. The name refers to the 7-segmented funicle in the female antenna. The gender is masculine. Distribution . Heptagonatocerus species occur in the Oriental and Afrotropical ( Madagascar , South Africa ) regions. Hosts and habitat . Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected mainly in forests. Included species: Heptagonatocerus madagascarensis Huber ; holotype ♀ in CAS. TL: Madagascar , Antanarivo, Ambohitantely Forest Reserve. Heptagonatocerus magnificus Huber ; holotype ♀ in QSBG. TL: Thailand , Chanthaburi, Khao Khitchakut Nat. Park, entrance of youth camp. Heptagonatocerus parvus Huber ; holotype ♀ in QSBG. TL: Thailand , Chaiyaphum Tat Tone Nat. Park, Phu Hang Sing. Heptagonatocerus pulchellus Huber ; holotype ♀ in QSBG. TL: “ Thailand , Nakhon Si Thammarat, Namtok Yong Nat. Park, TV aerial, 966m .