Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan Author Arimoto, Kôichi text Zootaxa 2023 2023-11-23 5375 3 301 335 https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5375.3.1/52332 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.1 1175-5326 10200036 27D02F09-01B7-457A-8A99-D8644B7B6ADE Penia alishanensis Arimoto , sp. nov. ( Figures 2 , 3 ) Etymology. Specific epithet derived from Mt. Ali Shan , the type locality. Type material. Holotype . Male , Taiwan , Chiayi County , Alishan Township , Mt. Ali Shan , 18 VIII 1977 , Y. Watanabe leg. [ NMNST ; PAA01 ]. Male. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the following features: eyes 0.45 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view; antennae surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres III distinctly longer than II ; IV 1.4 x longer than III , 0.9 x longer than II – III combined; apical maxillary palpomere 2.3 x longer than wide, shorter than eye maximum length; hypomeron with distinct mesial projection; anterior angle of hypomeron biangular, with outer angle right angle, with mesial angle rounded; scutellar shield 1.2 x longer than wide; mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view; posterior edge of mesosternal process 0.1 x wider than total length of mesosternum; elytra 4.5 x longer than wide; abdominal ventrite V curved triangular, rounded apically; phallobase 0.7 x longer than wide; apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions elongated fan-shaped; apex length 2.7 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side. This species is similar to P . smetanai in features of the body shape, the eyes, the basal antennomeres, and the mesosternal process between mesocoxae. It is distinguished by the length-to-width ratios of the apical maxillary palpomere and scutellar shield, and the shapes of the hypomeron, abdominal ventrite V and apex of the parameres beyond the preapical expansions (see diagnosis in P . smetanai ). Measurements. BL: around 7.3 (estimate value), BW: 2.31, MAE: 1.09, MBE: 0.58, OI: 188, PAW: 1.01, EL: 5.19, EW: 1.16, EI: 449. Description. Body elongated, widest behind elytral midlength ( Fig. 2A ); surface generally smooth; interspaces between punctures distinctly larger than fine puncture diameter ( Fig. 2A, B ) but on elytra intermixed with larger and smaller punctures. Color. Body, antennae and legs orange. Head, median area of pronotum and elytral anterior half darker. External edges of mandible and scutellum, and anterior edge of elytra black. Metasternum and abdomen partly tinged with black. Body covered with long yellow setae. Head. Frons slightly flatted medially ( Fig. 2C, D ); frontal carina not complete ( Fig. 2C ); frontal margin hexagonal, almost straight apically in dorsal view ( Fig. 2D ); frontoclypeal region protruding beyond base of labrum. Eyes protuberant, 0.45 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view ( Fig. 2D ). Antennae surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres longer than wide; II globular, shortest, 1.35 x longer than wide; III weakly serrated, 2.3 x longer than wide, 1.8 x longer than II; IV weakly serrated, 3.1 x longer than wide, 1.4 x longer than III, 0.9 x longer than II–III combined ( Fig. 2E ); V–XI filiform; V 3.35 x longer than wide, 1.1 x longer than IV; XI 8.85 x longer than wide, 1.1 x longer than X. Mandible bidentate. Apical maxillary palpomere semicircular ( Fig. 2F ), 2.3 x longer than wide, shorter than eye maximum length; anterior edge rounded. Prothorax with back half broken and lost ( Fig. 2A, G ). Pronotum roundly widening anteriorly, with punctate lateral ridge; anterior edge concave; anterior angles nearly right angle. Hypomeron with distinct mesial projection ( Fig. 2H : arrow); anterior angle biangular, with outer angle right angle, with mesial angle rounded; mesial and posterior margins with impunctate ridge. Prosternum incurved ventrally in lateral view; anterior lobe distinctly protruding beyond prosternal ventral line in lateral view ( Fig. 2G ); anterior edge broadly rounded in ventral view ( Fig. 2B ). Pronotosternal sutures not grooved, almost straight in ventral view ( Fig. 2B ), slightly opened anteriorly. Scutellar shield tongue-shaped ( Fig. 2I ), 1.2 x longer than wide, widest anteriorly, weakly constricted anteriorly and then narrowed posterad, flat, inclined anterior-downwards, not visible in lateral view; anterior edge slightly broadly rounded; posterior edge rounded. Mesosternum: borders of mesosternal cavity straight anteriorly and then moderately curved in lateral view ( Fig. 2G ); mesosternal process between mesocoxae lower than mesocoxae, not visible in lateral view ( Fig. 2G ); posterior edge 0.1 x wider than total length of mesosternum, weakly emarginate ( Fig. 2J ). Mesepisternum reaching mesocoxal cavity ( Fig. 2J ). Metasternum sulcate medially and ahead of metacoxal cavities ( Fig. 2B ). Metacoxal plate narrowed toward outer side, becoming like a parallel-sided bar at its outer 1/ 10 in ventral view ( Fig. 2B ). Elytron convex but flat in median area, but with outer margin narrowly depressed, widest behind midlength, 4.5 x longer than wide; apex rounded. Hind wings fully developed. Tibiae with paired spurs; relative tarsomere lengths: IV<III II<V<I; tarsomeres III and IV with lobe ventrally ( Fig. 2K ). FIGURE 2. Penia alishanensis , holotype, male (PAA01). A: habitus, dorsal side; B: habitus, ventral side; C: head, anterior view; D: head, dorsal view; E: basal antennomeres of right antenna; F: right maxillary palp, ventral side; G: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); H: right hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with distinct mesial projection); I: scutellar shield; J: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (arrow of figure 2G); K: right mid tarsus. Abdomen. Ventrite V curved triangular, rounded apically ( Fig. 2B ), 0.65 x longer than wide. Tergites and sternites VIII‒X yellow. Tergite VIII 1.5 x longer than wide, trapezoidal, narrowed posterad; posterior margin weakly incurved ( Fig. 3A ). Sternite VIII posteriorly widely concave between two projections ( Fig. 3B ). Tergite IX 1.35 x longer than wide; median notch 0.4 x total length of tergite IX ( Fig. 3C ). Tergite X longer than wide, triangular apically ( Fig. 3C ). Sternite IX 3.2 x longer than wide, constricted anterior 2/5 ( Fig. 3D ), rounded apically. Aedeagus yellow ( Fig. 3E, F ). Phallobase 0.2 x total length of aedeagus, 0.7 x longer than wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/20; basal struts 0.15 x total length of median lobe. Parameres slender, not fused ventrally ( Fig. 3F ); preapical expansions protruding anterolaterad ( Fig. 3G ); apex beyond preapical expansions elongated fan-shaped ( Fig. 3G ), with a seta dorsally, with three setae ventrally; apex length 2.7 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Taiwan : Chiayi County ( Fig. 1 ).