The larvae of caddisfly species (Insecta, Trichoptera) in northern Thai streams and their relationships to environmental variables Author Seetapan, Kriengkrai 0000-0003-0900-6890 School ofAgricultureandNaturalResources, University ofPhayao, TumbolMaeka, MuangDistrict, PhayaoProvince, 56000, THAILAND kook 82 @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0900 - 6890 kook82@hotmail.com Author Prommi, Taeng On 0000-0001-5160-8663 Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom Province, 73140, THAILAND faastop @ ku. ac. th; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5160 - 8663 faastop@ku.ac.th text Zootaxa 2022 2022-12-21 5222 4 301 324 journal article 54549 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.4.1 87a69657-2f80-4f08-a802-19261351f311 1175-5326 7466720 242B3947-087C-40D5-8BE1-2C7C9C261650 Trichoptera community composition A total of 2,748 larvae of Trichoptera were collected from the sampled streams in northern Thailand . Fortyone taxa from seven streams were identified from 24 genera and 13 families ( Table 3 ). At the family level, the Hydropsychidae were the most numerous, accounting for 1,487 specimens (54%). The highest number of caddisfly larvae was collected at S5 (570 individuals), while the lowest number was collected at S4 (213 individuals). Marilia sumatrana Ulmer 1951 was the most abundant species collected, with 318 individuals, followed by Chimarra sp. (276 individuals), Cheumatopsyche cf. dubitans Mosely 1942 (272 individuals), and Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997 ) (219 individuals). FIGURE 1. A map of Thailand highlighting the northern part with the sampling sites S1–S7. TABLE 3. Larvae of Trichoptera taxa collected in 7 streams in northern Thailand from October 2019 to July 2020. %RA = percentage of total abundance of species among all sites combined.

Taxa/sampling site	Taxon	Number of	Station		%RA
Abbr.	larvae	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7
Rhyacophilidae
Rhyacophila cf. inaequalis Denning & Schmid 1971	Rhin	10	10	0.36
Glossosomatidae
Agapetus sp.	Agpe	20	1	1	15	2	1	0.73
Philopotamidae
Chimarra cf. akkaorum Chantaramongkol & Malicky 1989	Chak	14	12	2	0.51
Chimarra cf. bimbltona Malicky 1979	Chbi	6	6	0.22
Chimarra cf. khamuorum Chantaramongkol & Malicky 1989	Chkh	8	8	0.29
Chimarra sp.	Chim	276	90	117	18	41	10	10.05
Polycentropodidae
Polyplectropus sp.	Poly	7	7	0.25
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostoma cf. doligung ( Malicky 1979 )	Ledo	30	14	6	10	1.09
Ecnomidae
Ecnomus sp	Ecno	9	1	1	5	1	1	0.33
Dipseudopsidae
Pseudoneureclipsis sp.	Pseu	11	8	3	0.4
Hydropsychidae
Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1909	Amme	27	1	1	1	9	6	9	0.98
Hydropsyche camillus Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000	Hyca	62	12	20	30	2.26
Hydropsyche pallipenne Banks 1938 *	Hypa	160	12	16	33	18	10	39	32	5.82
Hydropsyche askalaphos Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 *	Hyas	80	14	18	12	36	2.91
Hydropsyche sp.	Hydr	101	4	17	12	15	53	3.68
Hydromanicus klanklini ( Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 )	Hykl	3	3	0.11
Hydromanicus serubabel Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993	Hyse	10	1	9	0.36
Cheumatopsyche copia Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997 )	Chco	40	40	1.46
Cheumatopsyche cf. dubitans Mosely 1942	Chdu	272	59	2	89	122	9.9
Cheumatopsyche tramota Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997 )	Chtr	33	10	6	6	11	1.2

......continued on the next page TABLE 3. (Continued)

Taxa/sampling site	Taxon	Number of	Station		%RA
Abbr.	larvae	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7
Cheumatopsyche cf. chryseis Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997 )	Chch	101	1	100	3.68
Cheumatopsyche sp.	Cheu	131	16	6	61	34	14	4.77
Diplectrona cf. aurovittata (Ulmer 1906)	Diau	8	1	7	0.29
Macrostemum cf. midas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998 (in Malicky 1998 )	Mami	6	6	0.22
Macrostemum sp.	Macr	42	11	3	5	1	5	9	8	1.53
Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997 )	Poph	219	100	100	18	1	7.97
Potamyia sp.	Pota	177	3	12	21	46	70	25	6.44
Pseudoleptonema supalak Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998 (in Malicky 1998 )	Pssu	15	1	8	4	2	0.55
Goeridae
Goera cf. uniformis Banks, 1931	Goun	7	7	0.25
Goera cf. matuilla Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1992	Goma	12	12	0.44
Goera sp.	Gera	144	1	1	127	13	2	5.24
Calamoceratidae
Anisocentropus sp.	Anis	43	26	1	16	1.56
Ganonema cf. fuscipenne ( Albarda 1881 )	Gafu	3	3	0.11
Ganonema sp.	Gano	65	1	18	13	10	1	8	14	2.37
Leptoceridae
Leptocerus sp.	Leto	33	28	5	1.2
Oecetis sp.	Oece	25	10	4	2	9	0.91
Setodes cf. endymion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (in Malicky et al. 2000)	Seed	100	100	3.64
Setodes sp.	Seto	8	5	3	0.29
Triaenodes sp.	Tria	41	2	33	6	1.49
Stenopsychidae
Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov 1931	Stsi	71	11	6	1	35	18	2.58
Odontoceridae
Marilia sumatrana Ulmer 1951	Masu	318	5	103	60	46	3	99	2	11.57
Total individual	2748	296	456	440	213	571	485	287	100
Species Richness	41	19	23	22	16	26	15	15

* Larvae described in this publication. Based on the results of the adult caddisfly species in this study, 10 species of hydropsychid larvae could be associated with identifiable adults. The 10 species of hydropsychid larvae comprised 6 genera: Amphipsyche ( A. meridiana Ulmer 1909 ); Cheumatopsyche ( C. copia Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 in Malicky 1997 , C. tramota Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 in Malicky 1997 ); Hydropsyche ( Hp. camillus Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 , Hp. askalaphos Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 , Hp. pallipenne Banks 1938 ); Hydromanicus [ Hm. klanklini ( Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 ) and Hm. serubabel Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 ]; Potamyia ( P . phaidra ); Pseudoleptonema ( P. supalak Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998 in Malicky 1998 ) ( Table 3 ). Among the taxa identified, Hydropsyche pallipenne and H. askalaphos are described here, whereas the other eight species mentioned above have been described ( Peumwarunyoo & Prommi 2013 ; Prommi 2016; Prommi & Permkam 2015 ; Prommi et al . 2006a , 2006b , 2006c ) and their identities were confirmed by the metamorphotype method in this investigation. The morphological, biological, and ecological characteristics of species described in the larval stage of the fauna of Thailand are discussed below.