The millipede genus Julus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)
Author
Evsyukov, Aleksandr
Author
Golovatch, Sergei
Author
Reip, Hans S.
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-08-20
4461
1
89
117
journal article
28990
10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.7
1fbcced0-ec5a-4afe-bcb1-496990e850c9
1175-5326
1459872
3FACE488-20DC-46A4-A511-026B7F2DBEA2
Julus jedryczkowskii
Golovatch, 1981
Figs 1C
,
2C
,
3E–F
,
4E–F
,
9
,
14C
,
15C
,
16C
,
17C
, Map 1
Julus jedryczkowskii
Golovatch, 1981
: 105
(D).
Material examined.
1 female
(
paratype
,
ZMUM
),
Russia
,
North Ossetia
,
North Ossetian Nature Reserve
,
Tseissky Canyon
,
Tseidon Valley
,
Fagus
forest,
29.VII.1977
, leg.
M. Rudakovskii
;
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
,), same locality,
Tseissky
Mt.
Ridge,
Fagus
forest,
1800 m
a.s.l.
,
pitfall traps
,
20.VIII.1984
; 2 males, 1 female, 1
juvenile (
ZMUM
), same locality and data
;
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
10.VIII.1984
;
2 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
10.VIII.1984
;
2 males
,
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
27.VIII.1983
;
4 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
11–18.VIII.1982
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
17.VIII.1983
;
1 male
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 male
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
1700 m
a.s.l.
,
21.VIII.1983
;
1 male
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
29.VIII.1983
;
2 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality and data, all leg.
O. Gvozdeva
;
2 males
,
15 females
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
23.VIII.1984
, leg.
S. Alekseev
;
3 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
1700 m
a.s.l.
,
13–16.IX.1983
;
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
1.VIII.1983
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
2 males
,
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
13.VIII.1984
;
1 female
,
3 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
2 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 male
,
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
9– 12.VIII.1983
, all leg.
O. Gvozdeva
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
15.VIII.1982
, leg.
V. Matveeva
;
4 females
,
7 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
3000–3200 m
a.s.l.
, alpine meadow,
13.VI.1980
, leg.
S. Alekseev
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
Pinus
forest,
1800 m
a.s.l.
,
1.IX.1983
;
3 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 male
,
2 females
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 female
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
2 females
,
2 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 male
,
2 females
,
1 juvenile
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
3 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality and data
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
26.VIII.1983
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
5 males
,
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
18.VIII.1983
;
6 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
1700 m
a.s.l.
,
pitfall traps
,
20.VIII.1983
;
7 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
27.VIII.1983
;
2 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
3.IX.1983
;
2 females
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
30.VIII.1983
;
1 male
,
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality and data
;
4 females
,
1 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality and date
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
Alagir Mt.
Ridge,
650 m
a.s.l.
, traps,
18.VIII.1984
, all leg.
O. Gvozdeva
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
),
Alagir Mt.
Ridge,
9.V.1981
;
1 female
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
Fagus
forest,
650 m
a.s.l.
,
13.V.1981
;
1 male
,
4 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality,
10.VIII.1983
, all leg.
V. Matveeva
;
2 males
,
4 females
(
ZMUM
), N slope of
Kalpersky Mt.
Ridge,
Betula
forest,
2000 m
a.s.l.
,
12.VIII.1982
;
1 female
,
2 juveniles
(
ZMUM
), same locality and data
;
7 males
,
5 females
(
ZMUM
), NE slope of
Kalpersky Mt.
Ridge, alpine meadow,
2800–2900 m
a.s.l.
,
12.VIII.1982
, all leg.
S. Alekseev.
FIGURE 5.
Julus colchicus
Lohmander, 1936
from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province.
A:
habitus of female (left) and male (right), lateral views.
B and C:
anterior part of male body, lateral and ventral views, respectively.
D:
midbody segments, lateral view.
E:
caudal part of body, lateral view. Pictures taken not to scale.
Diagnosis.
Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Coxa (
cx
) of male leg-pair 1 with a small lateral outgrowth (
Figs 3E, 3F
). Gonopodal promere (
pr
) relatively wide, with a long, thin, basal lamella (
la
) (
Figs 9A, 9C
). Mesomere (
ms
) rounded (
Figs 9B
,
14C
). Lateral outgrowth (
lo
) of
op
large, pointed distally (
Fig. 14C
). Striations on metazonae irregular, not parallel to one another (
Fig. 16C
). Ampulla 1 (
am1
) of female vulva (
vu
) not expanded, ampulla 2 (
am2
) rounded, each located at different levels; female coxa 2 (
l2
) with a small, rounded, apicomesal outgrowth (
Fig. 17C
).
Descriptive notes.
Length of adults
18–35 mm
, width
1.2–1.9 mm
. Number of segments in adults from 40+1+T to 47+1+T. Body dark brown, marbled greyish with a thin, black, dorsal, axial line, venter lighter; legs yellow. Antennae and anal valves greyish. Eye patches composed of 45–50 ocelli. Striae on metazonae irregular, often not parallel to one another (
Fig. 16C
).
FIGURE 6.
Male legs 2 in
Julus lignaui
Verhoeff, 1910
(
A–D
) and
J. lindholmi
Lohmander, 1936
(
E–G
), caudal views.
A:
from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province.
B:
from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia.
C:
from Mestia, Georgia.
D:
from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia.
E:
from Svanetia, Georgia.
F:
from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia.
G:
holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936).
Abbreviations
:
alp,
anterolateral process of coxa 2;
mp,
main process of coxa 2;
p,
penes;
pp,
posterior process of coxa 2. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (
A–F
), not to scale (
G
).
All other characters as in
J. alexandrae
, except as follows. Antennae
in situ
reaching back to body segment 3. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a corolla of bacilliform sensilla (
Fig. 1C
). Each stipes of gnathochilarium with a group of 10–20 setae placed parabasally on a small tubercle below mentum (
Fig. 2C
).
Male leg-pair 1 (
Figs 3E–F
) with a well-developed suture between coxa (
cx
) and a 1-segmented telopodite remnant (
te
);
cx
with a small lateral outgrowth,
te
round, with a group of thick setae. Male leg-pair 2 with two coxal processes (
Fig. 4E–F
). Anterolateral process (
alp
) short and acuminate, main process (
mp
) long, straight and rod-shaped.
Promere (
pr
) relatively wide, with a lateral lamella (
la
) (
Fig. 9C
); flagella (
fl
) thickened in apical third (
Fig. 9A–B
). Mesomere (
ms
) rounded (
Fig. 9B
). Lateral outgrowth (
lo
) of opisthomere (
op
) large, pointed (
Fig. 14C
).
Ventral edge of male segment 7 with small curved lamellae bordering the gonopodal aperture (
Fig. 15C
).
Female vulva (
vu
) narrow, bursa (
bu
) with a pointed apical outgrowth. Ampulla 1 (
am1
) not expanded, ampulla 2 (
am2
) rounded, each located at different levels; coxa 2 (
l2
) with a small, rounded, apicomesal outgrowth (
Fig. 17C
, see also
Golovatch 1981
).
Remark.
This species is a localized endemic of
North Ossetia
(
Golovatch 1981
), inhabiting the upper forest to alpine belts at altitudes
1800–2900 m
a.s.l.
FIGURE 7.
Male legs 2 in
Julus subalpinus
Lohmander, 1936
(
A–B
),
J. dagestanus
sp. n.
(
C
) and
J. khostensis
sp. n.
(
D
).
A:
from North Ossetia.
B:
syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936).
C:
holotype from Dagestan.
D:
holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views
A, C, D
; lateral view
B
.
Abbreviations
:
alp,
anterolateral process of coxa 2;
mp,
main process of coxa 2;
p,
penes. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
MAP 1.
Distribution of
Julus
species:
J. colchicus
Lohmander, 1936
(green circle),
J. alexandrae
Evsyukov, 2016
(red square),
J. jedryczkowskii
Golovatch, 1981
(blue triangle),
J. lignaui
Verhoeff, 1910
(purple star),
J. lindholmi
Lohmander, 1936
(brown diamond).