A molecular phylogeny and revision of the genus Pyropteron Newman, 1832 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) reveals unexpected diversity and frequent hostplant switch as a driver of speciation Author Bartsch, Daniel daniel.bartsch@smns-bw.de Author Pühringer, Franz f.puehringer@sesiidae.net Author Milla, Liz liz.milla@csiro.au Author Lingenhöle, Arthur arthur.lingenhöle@gmx.de Author Kallies, Axel 0000-0002-3778-2187 axel.kallies@unimelb.edu.au text Zootaxa 2021 2021-05-18 4972 1 1 75 journal article 6247 10.11646/zootaxa.4972.1.1 cdd9688e-9a3f-4602-992e-1f8693caab9b 1175-5326 4771798 E78473FE-5662-409A-90C2-7C4912DC57E8 Pyropteron minianiformis minianiformis ( Freyer, 1843 ) ( Figs 6 , 63–65 , 78, 79 , 84–86 ) Sesia minianiformis Freyer, 1843 : Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur: 35, pl. 404, Fig. 3 . Type material and locality: not stated. Sesia miniacea v. pepsiformis Lederer, 1853 : Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien , Abhandlungen 2 [“1852”]: 69, 90. Syntypes : Brussa [ Turkey , Bursa ] (lost? not in MFNB). The nominal subspecies is characterized by the most extensive orange-red coloration of all subspecies. Furthermore, it has the forewing discal spot more or less orange-red suffused and broad yellow inner margins of the tegulae. Biology and habitat. The hostplants of this subspecies are bitter-tasting species of Rumex (docks), such as R. conglomeratus , R. crispus , R. maritimus or R. pulcher ( Laštůvka 2007 , our own observations). The larvae, often several together, feed in the main root of their host. Development takes one year. Pupation takes place in the gallery of the larva in a silk-spun chamber at the base of a more or less long corridor, which is closed by a thin layer of bark or spun saw-dust. Distribution. The nominal subspecies is limited to the southern Balkan Peninsula, including Greece and Bulgaria and north-western Turkey ( Špatenka et al. 1999 , our own results). Based on Gorbunov (pers. communication), this species is absent from Crimea. The distribution map given by Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1995 , 2001 ) suggests a continuous occurrence throughout entire Anatolia , for which we have, however, not found any evidence. Specimens examined. 4♂ , 2♀ , Greece , Igoumenitza, Thiamis delta, 23. V .1993, leg. DB; 1♂ , Greece , Amvrakikos Kolpos, Philipiada, 25. V .1995, leg. DB; 1♂ , Greece , Ioannina, Vikos Canyon, Kipi, 25. V .1995, leg. DB; 2♂ , Greece , Amvrakikos Kolpos, Logaru-Lagoon, 2. VI .1995, leg. DB (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-11) ( Fig. 78 ) 1♀ , ibid., (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-15) ; 1♀ , Greece , Ossa Oros, Stomio, 1.–13. VI .1989, leg. Bettag (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-17) ( Fig. 84 ); 1♂ , ibid., 1000m , 10. VII .1997, leg. DB (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-10); 17♂ ( Figs 63–64 ); 13♀ ( Fig. 65 ), Greece , Thessaloniki , Volvi Lake , Nimfoletra , 100m , 5. VI .1997, leg. DB ( ♀ , Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-47); 2♂ , Greece , Nafpaktos, Fokida Gorge, Limfitsa, 31. V .1995, leg. DB; 1♂ , Greece , Drama , Falacro Mts , 2km NNE Volokos , 750m , 2. VII .2008, leg. DB; 1♂ , Greece , Peloponnese , inner Mani , Exohori , Farangi Virou , 600–800m , 2. VI .2005, leg. DB (CDB) ; 18♂ , 4♀ , Bulgaria , Vilas, 27. VI .–3. VII .2005, leg. Riefenstahl (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-16) ( Fig. 68 ); 6♂ , 4♀ , Bulgaria , Burgas , Sunny beach, 25. VI .–5. VII .2005, leg. Baltruweit; 11♂ , ibid., leg. Riefenstahl (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-08) ( Fig. 79 ) ; 1♀ , Bulgaria , Black Sea coast, Shkorpilovtsi , 15m , 30. VI .2010, leg. Ssymank (Bartsch gen. prep. 2019-48) ( Fig. 86 ) (SMNS); 1♂ , Bulgaria , Burgas , Silistar S Sinemorets, 25 m , 29. VI .2016, leg. FP; 1♂ , Bulgaria , Slivno , Sliven ( Slivno ), 390 m , 3. VII .2014, leg. FP; 1♂ , ibid., 400 m , 10. VII .2014, leg. FP; 1♂ , Bulgaria , Sozopol , S Tsarevo , black sea beach, 5 m , 28. VI .2016, leg. FP; 2♂ , North Macedonia , Macedonia mer., Stari Dojran , 10.–19. VI .1955, leg. J. Klimesch; 1♂ , Greece , Thessaloniki , Leptokaria E Olympos , 240 m , 4. VII .2003, leg. FP (BOX-2221 H02); 1♂ , Greece , Ioannina , Kipi (= Kipoi , Timfi Mts ), 780 m , 28. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 1♂ , Greece , Ioannina , Konitsa , 510 m , 10. VII .2003, leg. FP; 1♂ , Greece , Ioannina , Monodendri ( Timfi Mts ), 1200 m , 11. VII .2003, leg. FP (photo 55/6/23-26); 5♂ , Greece , Larissa , Ossa Mts , SW Stomio (n), 1000–1090 m , 20. VI .2002, leg. FP (BOX-2221 B07); 1♂ , ibid., 2. VII .2003, leg. FP; 1♂ , Greece , Arta , Salaora SW Arta , 1 m , 12. VI .1997, leg. FP; 1♂ , Greece , Voiotia , Parnass , Livadia-Ebene , 1300 m , 18. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 2♂ , ibid., 25. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 1♂ , Greece , Fokida , Parnass , Skicenter , 1750–1800 m , 18. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 1♂ , ibid., 25. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 3♂ , Greece , Fthiotis , Bralos , 5 km N Ag. Damastas , 450–600 m , 19. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 1♂ , Greece , Fthiotis , Skamnos , 700 m , 22. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 4♂ , Greece , Achaia ( Peloponnese ), Kalogria W Kato Achaia , 4. VI .1997, leg. FP (photo 28/5/23-6/12); 8♂ , ibid., 5 m , 5. VI .1997, leg. FP; 8♂ , ibid., 8. VI .1997, leg. FP; 5♂ , ibid., 10. VI .1997, leg. FP; 5♂ , ibid., 14. VI .1997, leg. FP (gen. prep. FP 02/22); 1♂ , ibid., 19. VI .1997, leg. FP; 1♂ , ibid., 20. VI .1997, leg. FP; 1♂ , Greece , Achaia ( Peloponnese ), Drosia SW Erimanthos , 650 m , 13. VI .1997, leg. FP; 2♂ , Greece , Messinia , Saidona ( Taygetos ), 500 m , 24. VI .2002, leg. FP ; 1♂ , Greece , Thessalia , Karditsa , Pindos-Geb. , N Kastania , 800 m , 5.–6. VI .2012, leg. H. u. R. Rausch ; 1♂ , Greece , Lesbos , SW Agiasos ( Olympos-Geb. ), 890 m , 29. VI .2014, leg. H. u. R. Rausch ; 2♂ , 1♀ , ibid., 8.–9. VII .2014, leg. H. u. R. Rausch ; 1♂ , Greece , Samos , Agios Konstantinos , 5 m , 13. VI .2015, leg. FP; 1♂ , ibid., 5 m , 14. VI .2015, leg. FP; 4♂ , Greece , Samos , Manolates , 300–370 m , 10. VI .2015, leg. FP; 2♂ , Greece , Samos , N Marathokampos , 340 m , 12. VI .2015, leg. FP; 2♂ , Greece , Samos , Pandroso , 590 m , 12. VI .2015, leg. FP; 2♂ , Greece , Samos , S Vourliotes , 500–530 m , 13. VI .2015, leg. FP; 8♂ , Greece , Samos , Vourliotes , Lazarou , 550 m , 18. VI .2015, leg. FP ; 1♂ , Greece , Samos, Zastano ( Kerkis Mts ), Eastern slope, 17. VI .2015, leg. FP; 2♂ , Greece , Naxos , Drymalia , S Sifones , Agh. Joannis , 600 m , 29.–30. VI .2012, leg. H. u. R. Rausch (CFP).