Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2 955 1189 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316535 Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner 1845 Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner 1845 , Arch. Naturgesch., 11 (1): 148 . Type Locality: Canada , Labrador, Moravian settlements. Vernacular Names: North American Deermouse . Synonyms: Peromyscus abietorum Bangs 1896 ; Peromyscus akeleyi Elliot 1899 ; Peromyscus alpinus Cowan 1937 ; Peromyscus anacapae von Bloeker 1942 ; Peromyscus angustus Hall 1932 ; Peromyscus anticostiensis Moulthrop 1937 ; Peromyscus arcticus (Coues 1877) ; Peromyscus arcticus (Mearns 1890) ; Peromyscus argentatus Copeland and Church 1906 ; Peromyscus artemisiae (Rhoads 1894) ; Peromyscus assimilis Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus austerus (Baird 1855) ; Peromyscus bairdii (Hoy and Kennicott 1857) ; Peromyscus bairdii (Coues 1877) ; Peromyscus balaclavae McCabe and Cowan 1945 ; Peromyscus blandus Osgood 1904 ; Peromyscus borealis Mearns 1911 ; Peromyscus canadensis (Miller 1893) ; Peromyscus catalinae Elliot 1903 ; Peromyscus cineritius J. A. Allen 1898 ; Peromyscus clementis Mearns 1896 ; Peromyscus coolidgei Thomas 1898 ; Peromyscus deserticolus (Mearns 1890) ; Peromyscus dorsalis Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus dubius J. A. Allen 1898 ; Peromyscus elusus Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus eremus Osgood 1909 ; Peromyscus exiguus J. A. Allen 1898 ; Peromyscus exterus Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus fulvus Osgood 1904 ; Peromyscus gambelii ( Baird 1857 ) ; Peromyscus georgiensis Hall 1938 ; Peromyscus geronimensis J. A. Allen 1898 ; Peromyscus gracilis (Le Conte 1855) ; Peromyscus gunnisoni Goldman 1937 ; Peromyscus hollisteri Osgood 1909 ; Peromyscus hueyi Nelson and Goldman 1932 ; Peromyscus imperfectus Dice 1925 ; Peromyscus inclarus Goldman 1939 ; Peromyscus insolatus (Rhoads 1894) ; Peromyscus labecula Elliot 1903 ; Peromyscus luteus Osgood 1905 ; Peromyscus magdalenae Osgood 1909 ; Peromyscus margaritae Osgood 1909 ; Peromyscus martinensis Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus medius Mearns 1896 ; Peromyscus nebrascensis (Coues 1877) ; Peromyscus nebrascensis (Mearns 1890) ; Peromyscus nubiterrae Rhoads 1896 ; Peromyscus oresterus Elliot 1903 ; Peromyscus osgoodi Mearns 1911 ; Peromyscus ozarkiarum Black 1935 ; Peromyscus pallescens J. A. Allen 1896 ; Peromyscus perimekurus Elliot 1903 ; Peromyscus plumbeus C. F. Jackson 1939 ; Peromyscus rubidus Osgood 1901 ; Peromyscus rufinus ( Merriam 1890 ) ; Peromyscus sanctaerosae von Bloeker 1940 ; Peromyscus santacruzae Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus saturatus Bangs 1897 ; Peromyscus saxamans McCabe and Cowan 1945 ; Peromyscus serratus Davis 1939 ; Peromyscus sonoriensis (Le Conte 1853) ; Peromyscus streatori Nelson and Goldman 1931 ; Peromyscus subarcticus J. A. Allen 1899 ; Peromyscus thurberi (J. A. Allen 1893) ; Peromyscus umbrinus Miller 1897 . Distribution: Panhandle of Alaska and across N Canada , south through most of continental USA , excluding the SE and E seaboard, to southernmost Baja California Sur and to NC Oaxaca , México ; including many landbridge islands. Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt) as P. m. anacapae and P. m. clementis , otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Discussion: P. maniculatus species group. A broadly distributed and morphologically highly variable form once confused with many taxa now reallocated to P. leucopus (see Osgood, 1909 ). Formerly included long-tailed populations in NW North America recently separated as P. keeni . Status and relationships of P. maniculatus have been extensively addressed with regard to P. keeni (or as its junior synonyms oreas and sitkensis — Allard et al., 1987 ; Allard and Greenbaum, 1988 ; Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986 ; Hogan et al., 1993 , 1997 ; Zheng et al., 2003 ), P. melanotis ( Bowers, 1974 ; Bowers et al., 1973 ; Greenbaum and Baker, 1978 ), P. polionotus ( Avise et al., 1979 ; Hogan et al., 1997 ; Robbins and Baker, 1981 ), and P. sejugis ( Avise et al., 1979 ; Hafner et al., 2001 ; Hogan et al., 1997 ; Lawlor, 1983 ); see those accounts. Regional studies of geographic variation have clarified distributions and realigned certain subspecific ranges: e.g., populations in N Wisconsin and on islands in the N Great Lakes ( Long and Long, 1993 ); those in S Maine ( Kilpatrick et al., 1994 ); those in Arizona ( Hoffmeister, 1986 ); those inhabiting the Llano Estacado, N Texas and vicinity ( Cooper et al., 1993 ); and those at the southern end of the Mexican Plateau, C México (Nanez-Jiminez and Martínez-Coronel, 1995). Differences in craniodental shape according to dietary consistency investigated using laboratory animals by Myers et al. (1996) , who discussed their bearing on systematic interpretations among wild populations. Probable extinction of San Roque Isl population ( cineritius ) reported by Alvarez-Castañeda and Cortes-Calva (1999). Even after removal of long-tailed populations in NW North America (i.e., P. keeni ), appreciable variation in morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data still cautions that more than one species is represented among the short-tailed (e.g., bairdii ) and long-tailed (e.g., gracilis , nubiterrae ) morphotypes in C and NE North America ( Bradshaw and Hsu, 1972 ; Calhoun et al., 1988 ; Koh and Peterson, 1983 ; Lansman et al., 1983 ; Myers Uncie et al., 1998 ). Trees derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences represent maniculatus as paraphyletic with respect to P. keeni and P. sejugis ( Hogan et al. 1997 ) . Meaningful delineation of subspecies can only be achieved within the context of this much needed revision; see Hall (1981) for conventional arrangement of races (excepting those now removed to P. keeni ) .