A survey of Phrurolithidae spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China
Author
Liu, Ke-Ke
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3667
liukeke_1986@126.com
Author
Luo, Hui-Pu
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
Author
Ying, Yuan-Hao
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
Author
Xiao, Yu-Xin
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
Author
Xu, Xiang
College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
Author
Xiao, Yong-Hong
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
text
ZooKeys
2020
947
1
37
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.51175
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.51175
1313-2970-947-1
A6378B16EE564DB18DD1C073CA10D366
620410E1410750108017137D5A202453
Alboculus Liu
gen. nov.
Diagnosis.
The new genus differs from other
Phrurolithidae
by the oval PME without a layer of black pigment around the eye cup (Figs
1A, D
,
3A
) (vs. with layer of black pigment around eye cup), posterior eye row slightly procurved (Figs
1A, D
,
3A
) (vs. straight to recurved), lacking distinct longitudinal and radial stripes on the dorsal carapace (Figs
1A, D
,
3A
) (vs. black longitudinal or radial stripes present), and lacking a chevron-shaped marking on the abdominal dorsum (Figs
1A
,
3A
) (vs. with at least two chevron-shaped markings). Males of this genus can be easily distinguished by the lack of a dorsal tibial apophysis on the palp (Figs
2A-C
,
6A, B, D
) (vs. palpal tibia with dorsal tibial apophysis) and the well-developed terminal apophysis of the bulb (Figs
2A-C
,
6B-D
) (vs. absent). The female of this genus has the glandular appendages slender (Fig.
3C, D
) (vs. relatively short and thick) and the spermathecal tail of epigyne distinct (Fig.
3D, E
) (vs. without a spermathecal tail).
Figure 1.
Alboculus zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991) comb. nov., male
A
habitus, dorsal view, white arrows show the light-coloured, oval posterior median eyes
B
same, ventral view
C
same, lateral view, black arrows showing the long trichobothria on metatarsi II and IV
D
carapace, dorsal view, white arrows show the light-coloured, oval posterior median eyes, black arrow shows the long trichobothrium on metatarsus II
E
right leg I, prolateral view, black arrows showing the dark annulations. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
A, B
), 0.5 mm (
C, E
), 0.1 mm (
D
).
Type species.
Otacilia zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991).
Etymology.
The genus name is formed from two Latin words
albus
and
oculus
, alluding to the light-coloured posterior median eyes; the gender is masculine.
Remarks.
The type species
O. zhejiangensis
was first described by Song and Kim (1991) as a new species of
Phrurolithus
based on a single female specimen from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang province, China. Recently, it was transferred to
Otacilia
by
Zamani and Marusik (2020)
. It is interesting to compare the three specimens of this species, clearly recognised by differences in morphological characters with the type species of
Otacilia
and
Phrurolithus
. Males of this genus differ from
Phrurolithus festivus
(C.L. Koch, 1835) by lacking a layer of black pigment around the PME (Figs
1A, B, D
,
3A
) (vs. PME with black pigment), and having a single tibial apophysis (Figs
2A-C
,
6A, B, D
) (vs. present two tibial apophysis). Although the male of
Otacilia armatissima
is unknown, male
Alboculus
species differ from
Otacilia
males (e.g., Figs
7A
,
9A
,
13A
,
15A
,
18A
) by the procurved posterior eye row (vs. recurved), and by the dorsal scutum covering the entire dorsal surface of the abdomen (Fig.
1A, C
) as opposed to a narrow scutum only extending to approximately half the abdomen length in
Otacilia
(e.g., Figs
7A
,
9A
). The females clearly differ from these two type species (
O. armatissima
and
P. festivus
) by the slender glandular appendages (Fig.
3C, D
) (vs. relatively short and thick [Figs
8D
,
10D
,
12D
,
14D
,
16D
,
19D
,
21D
]) and the spermathecal tail of epigyne (Fig.
3C, D
) (vs. without the spermathecal tail [Figs
8D
,
10D
,
12D
,
14D
,
16D
,
19D
,
21D
]).
Figure 2.
Alboculus zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991) comb. nov., male palp
A
palp, prolateral view
B
same, ventral view
C
same, retrolateral view
D
femur, prolateral view
E
same, ventral view
F
same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
A, B
), 0.1 mm (
C-F
). Abbreviations: dTA - distal tegular apophysis, E - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct.
Figure 3.
Alboculus zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991) comb. nov., female
A
habitus, dorsal view, black arrows show the light-coloured, oval posterior median eyes
B
same, ventral view
C
epigyne, ventral view
D
same, dorsal view, black arrow shows the detail of spermathecal tail. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
A, B
), 0.1 mm (
C, D
). Abbreviations: B - bursa, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, CT - connecting tube, FD - fertilisation ducts, GA - glandular appendage, SP - spermathecae.
Description.
Small, body length 1.8-2.8 mm.
Eyes
: AME rounded, PME oval, light-coloured, without black pigment, anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row procurved. Each chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Femur I with wo spines, tibia I with five pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with three pairs of ventral spines. Abdomen without dorsal scutum in females, covering entire dorsum in males.
Male palp
: femur with large ventral extension; tibia with long, sharply-pointed retroventral tibial apophysis, without dorsal apophysis; bulb without median apophysis or conductor; sperm duct long, reaching middle part of the tegulum, narrowed near base of embolus; base of embolus slightly narrowed, embolus very small, hook-shaped, directed antero-prolaterally, embolus accompanied by thick, short distal terminal apophysis (TA) (larger than embolus). Epigyne with clear copulatory atrium medially; glandular appendages slender, located on anterior of connecting tubes; spermathecae rounded, with clavate-like tail.
Distribution.
China (Map
1
) (Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces)
Map 1.
Distribution of
Alboculus zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991), comb. nov., in China.
Figure 4.
SEM micrographs of
Alboculus zhejiangensis
(Song & Kim, 1991) comb. nov., male chelicera
A
frontal view
B
detail of promargin, frontal view
C
posterior view, slightly retrolateral. Abbreviations: PES - promarginal escort seta, PRS - promarginal rake setae, RES - retromarginal escort seta, SS - slit sensillum, WS - whisker setae.