Chondrostoma smyrnae, a new nase from the Tahtali reservoir drainage in the Aegean Sea basin (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) Author Kuecuek, Fahretti ̇ n Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, 32200 Isparta, Turkey Author Ciftci, Yilmaz Ordu University, Fatsa Marine Science Faculty, 52400 Ordu, Turkey. Author Gueclue, Salim Serkan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-449X Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, 32200 Isparta, Turkey Author Turan, Davut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-6223 Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Fisheries Faculty, 53000 Rize, Turkey text Zoosystematics and Evolution 2021 2021-04-07 97 1 235 248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.63691 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.63691 1860-0743-1-235 5303FE40D99D426F9157525F24F38187 98EA0FC3A5BC505EA54DA2E0E3A09C7E Chondrostoma smyrnae sp. nov. Fig. 3a-c Holotype. IFC-ESUF 03-1566, 191 mm SL; Turkey: Izmir prov.: Tahtali reservoir about 2 km north of Degirmendere , 38°08'19"N , 27°07'10"E . Paratypes. IFC-ESUF 03-1567, 22, 152-205 mm SL; IFC-ESUF 03-1568, 22, 181-272 mm SL; same data as holotype. - IFC-ESUF 03-1550, 2, 92.68-109.02 mm SL; Turkey: Izmir prov.: stream Sasal about 1 km south of Kuener , 38°11'57"N , 27°08'09"E . - FFR 2079, 1, 92 mm SL; Turkey: Izmir prov.: stream Balaban at Kuener , 38.213950 27.101505. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. IFC-ESUF DNA-03-1550, 7, Turkey : Izmir prov. : stream Sasal about 1 km south of Kuener , 38°11'57"N , 27°08'09"E (GenBank accession number: MT387055 - MT387058 ; MW719591 - MW719611 ; MW722822 - MW722824 ) . Diagnosis. Chondrostoma smyrnae is distinguished from other species occur to adjacent basin by a cylindrical body (body width at dorsal-fin origin 16.8-19.3% SL, vs. 13.3-15.4 in C. turnai (Fig. 3d ), 14.1-16.6 in C. meandrense , 12.0-16.3 in C. holmwoodii , 12.4-15.7 in C. fahirae , except C. beysehirense ), a wider head (head width at anterior margin of eye 55-65% HL, vs. 42-54), by having less lateral line scales (48-53 vs. 60-67 in C. beysehirense , 60-66 in C. holmwoodii and 56-60 in Chondrostoma meandrense , except C. turnai and C. fahirae ). Chondrostoma smyrnae is further distinguished from C. turnai by the absence keel between pelvic fin-origin and anus (vs. present in specimens larger than 160 mm SL), a straight or slightly arched lower jaw (vs. arched), more total lateral line scales (48-53, vs. 44-51), and fewer gill rakers on first gill arch (19-23, vs. 22-27). Also, C. smyrnae further differs from C. turnai by the shape of jaws, hyomandibular, quadrate and the fifth brachial gill arc. In C. smyrnae , the dentary thick and coronoid process inclined forward (vs. thin and coronoid process nearly vertical); premaxilla very deep and posterior edge short (vs. slender and posterior edge long); hyomandibular long and narrow (vs. short and wide), the fifth brachial gill arc wide angle (vs. narrow angle) and pharyngeal teeth wide (vs. thin); outer margin of quadrate slightly pointed (vs. rounded) (Figs 4 , 5 ). Figure 3. a. Chondrostoma smyrnae , IFC-ESUF 03-1567, just after fixation form, 167 mm SL, Turkey: Tahtali reservoir; b. IFC-ESUF 03-1566, holotype, 191 mm SL, Turkey: Tahtali reservoir; c. IFC-ESUF 03-1567, paratype 205 mm SL, Turkey: Tahtali reservoir; d. Chondrostoma turnai , IFC-ESUF 03-1557, 197 mm SL, Turkey: Cine stream. Figure 4. Jaws bones of C. smyrnae ( a. ) and C. turnai ( b. ) (Dn: dentary, Pmx: premaxilla, Mx: maxilla, Crp: Coronoid process). Figure 5. Hyomandibular, quadrate and pharyngeal teeth of C. smyrnae ( a. ) and C. turnai ( b. ) (Hym: hyomandibulare, qu: quadrate, Pht: Pharyngeal teeth). The new species is also distinguished from C. meandrense by the body colour silvery in life (silvery, vs. brownish). It is further distinguished from C. holmwoodii by having 8-9 scale rows between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin (vs. 9-11), four scale rows between the lateral line and pelvic-fin origin (vs. 6-7). Chondrostoma smyrnae is further distinguished from C. fahirae by having of 19-23 gill rakers on the first gill arch (vs. 12-14), well keratinised cutting edge present on the lower jaw (vs. slightly) (Fig. 6 ). Figure 6. Ventral view of head: a. C. smyrnae , IFC-ESUF 03-1567, paratype, 189 mm SL, Turkey: Tahtali reservoir; b. C. turnai , IFC-ESUF 03-1524, 174 mm SL, Turkey: Cine Stream; c. C. meandrense , IFC-ESUF 03-1519, 183 mm SL, Turkey: Isikli Spring; d. C. holmwoodii , IFC-ESUF 03-1513, 156 mm SL, Turkey: Gediz River; e. C. angorense , IFC-ESUF 03-1502, 152 mm SL, Turkey: Sakarya River; f. C. fahirae , IFC-ESUF 03-1512, 109 mm SL, Turkey: Dalaman River; g. C. beysehirense , IFC-ESUF 03-1505, 288 mm SL, Turkey: Beysehir Lake. Description. See Figures (3) for general appearance, Table 3 , 4 for morphometric and Table 5 , 6 for meristic data. A small-sized individual of Chondrostoma symrnae with a cylindrical body shape is shown on Figure 7 . Dorsal and ventral body profiles markedly convex. Interorbital area slightly convex. Mouth inferior, arched, with a keratinized cutting edge on lower jaw. The lower jaw slightly arched. Snout long, length 31-35% HL, with slightly rounded tip. Rostral cap almost covers upper jaw. Lower jaw relatively long, lower jaw-quadrate junction on vertical through eye pupil margin. Eye diameter about equal to interorbital distance. Caudal peduncle depth fits 10-12 times in its length. Dorsal-fin outer margin markedly concave. Anal-fin outer margin concave. Caudal-fin deeply forked, lobes with pointed tips. Outer margins of pectoral and pelvic-fins slightly convex. Pharyngeal teeth in two rows, 5-6, 5-5, sharp, serrated, hooked at tip (Fig. 5 ). Dentary thick and coronoid process inclined forward. Premaxilla very deep and its posterior edge short. Hyomandibular long and narrow. Fifth branchial gill arc wide angle and pharyngeal teeth wide. Outer margin of quadrate slightly pointed. Table 3. Morphometric data of Chondrostoma smyrnae (holotype, IFC-ESUF 03-1566 and paratypes, IFC-ESUF 03-1567; n = 22).
- Holotype Holotype & paratypes
mean Min Max SD
Standard length (mm) 190.5 174.7 152.3 205.0 -
In percent of standard length
Head length 21.9 21.1 19.9 22.7 0.7
Body depth 26.6 25.9 24.2 28.4 1.4
Body width at dorsal-fin 17.5 17.4 16.0 19.4 1.2
Body width at caudal peduncle 6.8 6.8 5.7 8.0 0.9
Predorsal distance 51.2 50.8 49.0 52.2 1.2
Prepelvic distance 52.6 53.1 51.1 54.6 1.8
Preanal distance 71.4 73.2 70.4 75.7 2.6
Pectoral-fin origin to anal-fin 49.6 52.8 49.7 58.7 1.7
Pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin 29.8 32.0 29.8 36.2 1.5
Pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin 19.6 22.1 19.8 24.6 0.9
Dorsal-fin depth 18.4 18.4 17.1 20.6 0.8
Anal-fin depth 16.2 15.4 14.4 16.9 0.9
Pectoral-fin length 16.9 17.3 16.4 19.9 1.0
Pelvic-fin length 15.9 14.9 11.3 17.3 0.9
Caudal peduncle length 17.9 18.5 16.5 20.4 1.4
Caudal peduncle depth 11.8 11.0 10.2 11.8 0.9
In percent of head length
Snout length 31.6 33.1 31.1 35.3 1.2
Eye diameter 18.5 20.7 17.5 22.8 1.4
Interorbital distance 41.8 41.7 38.7 46.4 2.1
Head width1 56.9 59.7 54.9 65.3 2.3
Head depth1 54.7 54.6 50.9 57.8 2.4
Head depth2 81.1 79.9 75.0 85.2 2.6
Mouth width 27.2 27.2 24.1 27.9 1.0
Table 4. Morphometry of C. turnai (IFC-ESUF 03-1558. n = 43), C. meandrense (IFC-ESUF 03-1519. n = 24), C. holmwoodii (IFC-ESUF 03-1513. n = 19), and C. fahirae (IFCESUF 03-1512. n = 36).
- C. turnai C. meandrense C. holmwoodii C. fahirae
SL (mm) 132.0-191.8 120.6-200.9 88.8-161.3 82.8-96.8
Mean min max SD mean min max SD mean Min max SD mean min max SD
In percent of standard length
Head length 21.9 20.7 23.4 0.8 22.6 21.9 23.6 0.5 23.1 21.5 24.0 0.4 24.1 23.3 25.1 0.6
Body depth 24.6 22.9 27.0 1.0 23.9 21.8 25.5 1.0 23.6 22.0 24.8 0.7 24.0 21.9 25.3 1.1
Body width at dorsal-fin 14.3 12.8 15.1 0.8 14.4 12.5 16.7 0.8 13.0 12.3 14.6 0.5 12.6 10.7 14.6 0.9
Body width at caudal peduncle 5.3 4.0 5.8 1.4 5.00 3.5 5.9 0.9 5.6 4.7 6.6 0.7 5.6 4.1 6.9 1.2
Predorsal distance 51.5 50.0 54.5 1.2 51.3 49.6 52.6 1.5 52.2 50.7 54.0 1.1 53.5 51.8 55.0 1.6
Prepelvic distance 52.7 50.1 53.8 0.9 52.4 50.7 54.0 1.6 52.7 50.6 54.2 1.4 52.5 49.8 53.8 1.2
Preanal distance 73.4 71.8 75.1 1.4 72.1 69.4 74.8 1.3 72.2 70.4 73.4 1.5 70.3 67.3 72.9 1.4
Pectoral-fin origin to anal-fin 52.9 48.7 54.3 1.4 49.9 46.1 52.4 0.9 49.9 48.2 51.1 0.6 47.1 45.7 49.9 0.6
Pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin 31.4 29.0 34.3 1.0 29.2 26.5 31.5 1.2 28.9 28.2 29.4 0.7 28.0 25.4 30.3 0.6
Pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin 22.0 20.5 23.0 1.2 20.9 19.5 23.5 0.5 20.9 19.8 21.6 0.4 28.0 25.4 30.3 0.6
Dorsal-fin depth 19.2 17.5 21.4 0.8 18.3 16.2 20.2 1.0 19.5 17.2 20.9 0.7 21.0 20.0 22.4 1.1
Anal-fin depth 15.3 13.5 16.4 0.9 14.9 13.4 16.8 0.8 16.2 14.8 17.1 0.6 16.6 15.0 18.8 0.9
Pectoral-fin length 18.0 16.0 20.1 0.8 17.5 15.4 19.1 0.9 18.4 18.0 19.4 0.9 20.5 18.7 21.9 0.9
Pelvic-fin length 15.6 14.1 17.5 1.0 15.4 13.8 17.5 0.9 15.4 14.6 16.2 0.8 17.3 14.1 19.0 1.2
Caudal peduncle length 17.4 14.5 18.5 0.5 18.2 16.7 20.3 0.9 17.8 16.2 19.4 0.6 19.4 18.2 20.9 0.9
Caudal peduncle depth 10.5 9.70 11.7 0.8 10.5 9.9 11.2 0.4 10.2 9.4 10.9 0.2 10.8 9.9 11.9 0.5
In percent of head length
Snout length 30.6 27.2 33.8 1.6 32.5 29.1 34.8 1.5 31.4 26.9 33.3 1.0 31.2 28.0 32.6 1.2
Eye diameter 22.2 20.1 24.7 1.3 21.9 19.7 26.3 1.7 20.6 17.6 22.4 0.8 25.7 23.2 29.1 1.7
Interorbital distance 38.2 33.1 41.9 2.1 36.4 33.7 38.7 1.4 36.1 32.7 39.0 1.1 37.8 35.1 39.6 1.6
Head width1 54.4 49.8 57.0 2.4 43.4 37.6 48.2 2.2 44.0 40.5 47.7 1.7 42.6 38.9 48.1 1.6
Head depth1 50.6 47.1 56.1 1.9 50.1 47.6 54.8 1.7 50.1 47.3 52.5 0.8 56.8 51.1 62.4 3.0
Head depth2 74.3 70.6 78.9 1.9 73.6 69.8 79.4 2.2 72.7 71.2 75.4 0.8 75.0 72.2 76.8 1.7
Mouth width 26.1 23.1 27.7 1.3 25.8 23.8 28.3 1.1 27.4 25.3 29.3 1.4 25.4 24.4 27.8 1.1
Figure 7. Top view of Chondrostoma smyrnae ( a. ) IFC-ESUF 03-1567, 194.2 mm SL; ( b. ) 190.0 mm SL, Tahtali Reservoir; and C. turnai ( c. ) IFC-ESUF 03-1524,195.1 mm SL; ( d. ) 181.3 mm SL, Stream Cine . The number of lateral line scales, scale rows between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, scale rows between the lateral line and pelvic-fin origin, branched dorsal-fin rays, branched anal-fin rays and rakers on the outer side of the first gill arch are shown in Tables 5 - 6 . Table 5. Frequency of lateral line scales, scale rows between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, and the lateral line and pelvic-fin origin in Eastern Aegean Chondrostoma species.
- lateral line scales
N 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Mean
C. smyrnae 29 - - - - 1 6 4 7 6 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50.9
C. turnai 17 1 4 1 3 3 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47.4
C. meandrense 14 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 6 2 - - - - - - 58.2
C. holmwoodii 14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 4 1 2 2 3 63.4
C. fahirae 24 1 1 5 6 5 3 1 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47.6
- scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin -
N 8 81/2 9 91/2 10 11 Mean 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 7 Mean
C. smyrnae 28 19 - 9 - - - 8.3 - 28 - - - - - 4.0 -
C. turnai 15 8 2 4 1 - - 8.4 1 10 1 3 - - - 4.2
C. meandrense 14 1 - 11 - 2 - 9.0 - - - 14 - - - 5.0
C. holmwoodii 20 - - 2 - 13 5 10.2 - - - 5 - 13 2 5.8
C. fahirae 10 5 - 5 - - - 8.5 - 7 - 3 - - - 4.3
Table 6. Frequency of gill rakers, branched dorsal-fin rays, and branched anal-fin rays in Eastern Aegean Chondrostoma species.
- - Gill Rakers -
N 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mean
C. smyrnae 16 - - - - - - - 3 5 3 3 2 - - - - - 20.8
C. turnai 11 - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 4 3 - 1 - 24.2
C. meandrense 20 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 6 6 1 25.8
C. holmwoodii 14 - - - - - - - - - 2 8 2 2 - - - - 22.3
C. fahirae 7 1 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.3
- Branched dorsal-fin rays Branched anal-fin rays -
N 7 8 9 10 Mean 8 9 10 11 12 Mean
C. smyrnae 36 2 34 - - 7.9 2 5 29 - - 9.8 -
C. turnai 18 - 18 - - 8.0 - 11 7 - - 9.4
C. meandrense 14 - 12 2 - 8.1 - 8 6 - - 9.4
C. holmwoodii 16 - 16 - - 8.0 - 14 2 - - 9.1
C. fahirae 10 10 - - - 7.0 3 7 - - - 8.7
Colouration. In life: fins pinkish with hyaline margins; back brown; flank silvery with pinkish hue. After fixation: back and upper portion of flank dark greyish; mid-lateral portion of flank and belly yellowish. Dorsal and caudal fins dark grey, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Peritoneal membrane black. Distribution. Chondrostoma smyrnae is known from the Tahtali reservoir basin (Fig. 8 ). It is also expected to be native to the Kuecuek Menderes River drainage but attempts to find it there have thus far proven unsuccessful and it may have been extirpated. Figure 8. Distribution of Chondrostoma species in western Anatolia. Etymology. The species is named for Smyrna, the historic name of the city known today as Izmir. A noun in genitive, indeclinable.