Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status Author Jo, Yeong-Seok Author Baccus, John T. Author Koprowski, John L. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-19 4522 1 1 216 journal article 27944 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1 58e0c7c5-75ec-4b1b-beb0-d01527f710f9 1175-5326 2610198 C24EFA8A-A5A0-4B06-A0A9-632F542B9529 Craseomys regulus Thomas, 1907 —Korean Red-backed Vole Craseomys regulus Thomas, 1906 [ 1907 ] p.863; Type locality- Mungyeong (Mingyong), Gyeongsangbuk Province , Korea . Clethrionomys rufocanus regulus : Howell, 1929 p.51 ; Kuroda, 1938 p.58 ; Tate, 1947 p.263 ; Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.666 ; Won, 1958 p.445 ; Jones & Johnson, 1965 p.374 ; Won, 1967 p.195 ; Won, 1968 p.204 . Clethrionomys regulus : Kishida & Mori, 1931 p.377 . Eothenomys regulus : Corbet, 1978 p.102 ; Yoon, 1992 p.74 ; Han, 1994 p.47 ; Won & Smith, 1999 p.25 ; Han, 2004c p.130 . Myodes regulus : Musser & Carleton, 2005 p.1025 . FIGURE 121. Range map of Myodes rutilus in Korea. Range: The distribution for Korean red-backed voles covers most of the Korean Peninsula, except the extreme northeastern region and remote islands ( Fig. 122 ). The northern limit of this species reaches Gaemagowon. Remarks: The species, endemic to the Korean Peninsula, was formerly classified under Clethrionomys rufocanus ( Hinton 1926 ; Ellerman & Morrison-Scott 1951 ; Gromov & Polyakov 1992 ; Kaneko 1990 ), but when Corbet (1978) promoted the Subspecies C. rufocanus regulus to the species C. regulus , he placed C. regulus in the Genus Eothenomys . Kaneko (1990) in a study of red-backed voles inhabiting Russia , northeastern China , and Korea documented morphological distinctions between C . rufocanus and C . regulus and considered the latter to be an endemic species in Korea . The author proposed that the geographical demarcation line between the two species occurred on the western and southern boundary of Gaemagowon (Kaima Plateau), North Korea . Subsequent mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA analyzes conclusively demonstrated that C . regulus was phylogenetically closer to C . rufocanus ( Suzuki et al . 1999 ) . Wakana et al . (1996) noted that an absence of rooting of molars in the Korean vole was a characteristic that may have developed within a short period of evolutionary time in the population in Korea . The G-banding pattern of regulus was essentially identical to C . rufocanus . Koh et al . (2011) used cytochrome b to confirm that red-backed voles from Korea were Myodes ( Craseomys ) regulus . Interspecific distances (4.55%) between C . regulus from Korea and C . rufocanus from northeast of Gaemagowon indicated that C. regulus was an endemic, monotypic species in Korea ( Koh et al . 2011 ).