A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry Author de Almeida, Rafael F. 0000-0002-9562-9287 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil & Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK Author de Morais, Isa L. 0000-0001-8748-9723 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil Author Alves-Silva, Thais https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0760-6019 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil Author Antonio-Domingues, Higor 0000-0001-9405-1930 Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK Author Pellegrini, Marco O. O. 0000-0002-8783-1362 Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK text PhytoKeys 2024 2024-05-22 242 69 138 journal article 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469 2.9. 5. Cottsia Dubard & Dop, Rev. Gén. Bot. 20: 359. 1908 . = Janusia sect. Metajanusia Nied. , Verz. Vorles. Königl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 1912–1913: 50. 1912 Gaudichaudia sect. Erostratae Chodat , Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 9: 100. 1917, nom. superfl. Aspicarpa sect. Metajanusia (Nied.) Hassl. , Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 212. 1918. Type species: Janusia gracilis A. Gray [≡ Cottsia gracilis (A. Gray) W. R. Anderson & C. Davis ]. Type species. Cottsia scandens Dubard & Dop [= Cottsia californica (Benth.) W. R. Anderson & C. Davis ]. Notes. Cottsia comprises four currently accepted species (one threatened species; Suppl. material 1 ) of lianas endemic to the seasonally dry tropical forests of Mexico and the United States , North America ( POWO 2024 ). For an identification key for all species of Cottsia , see Anderson and Davis (2007) .