Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key Author Bush, Sarah E. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-31 4313 1 1 443 journal article 32249 10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1 d8cc2cd8-8410-49aa-a75d-7a41d9f52b26 1175-5326 883161 A5Fdfba5-F992-44A8-84C2-1756C943C19B Key to genera and subgenera included in the Brueelia -complex 1. Clypeo-labral suture does not reach frons ( Fig. 116 ); ventral anterior plate, if present, fused to marginal carina ( Fig. 240 )...2 - Clypeo-labral suture reaches frons; ventral anterior plate, if present, separate from marginal carina.....................4 2. Dorsal preantennal suture medianly continuous, separating dorsal anterior plate posteriorly ( Fig. 248 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 248 ); accessory preantennal nodi present ( Fig. 248 ); tergopleurites reach ventral side ( Figs 246–247 ); no mts macrosetae ( Fig. 248 ), but mts 3 may be mesosetae (Fig. 255); no cross-piece at vulval margin ( Fig. 252 )........ Harpactrox - Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 116 ) or if present limited to site of ads ( Fig. 240 ), dorsal anterior plate not separated; antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 116–117 , 240–241 ); no accessory preantennal nodi ( Figs 116 , 240 ); tergopleurites do not reach ventral side ( Figs 114–115 , 238–239 ); mts 3 macrosetae ( Figs 116 , 240 ); cross-piece present ( Figs 121 , 245 )........3 3. Ventral carinae with finger-like median extensions ( Fig. 116 ); male flagellomeres much swollen compared to female flagellomeres ( Figs 116–117 ); tergopleurites much reduced ( Figs 114–115 ); parameral heads without median folds ( Fig. 120 ); distal mesosome densely rugose ( Fig. 119 ); cross-piece medianly displaced but lateral sections not separate from subgenital plate ( Fig. 121 )........................................................................... Anarchonirmus - Ventral carinae without finger-like median extensions ( Fig. 240 ); male flagellomeres not swollen ( Figs 240–241 ); tergopleurites entire (but do not reach lateral margins of abdomen) ( Figs 238–239 ); parameral heads with median folds ( Fig. 244 ); distal mesosome without rugose area ( Fig. 243 ); female subgenital plate reaches vulval margin medianly but lateral sections separated from subgenital plate ( Fig. 245 ).......................................................... Saepocephalum 4. Hyaline margin extends posteriorly for most of preantennal area ( Figs 494 , 499 ); dorsal postantennal suture present ( Figs 49 4 , 499 ); male genitalia of unique shape ( Figs 495 , 500 )................................................. Meropoecus - Hyaline margin, if present, does not reach posterior of as1 ; dorsal post-antennal suture absent; male genitalia not shaped as in Figs 494 , 499.........................................................................................5 5. All mts except mts 3 microsetae...........................................................................6 - At least one mts other than mts 3 modified................................................................. 40 6. ppss absent ( Figs 479–480 ); posterior margin of head with slight bulge median to mts 3 ( Fig. 481 )............ Meropsiella - ppss present; no such bulge on posterior margin of head.......................................................7 7. ppss medio-posterior ( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); posterior margin of pteronotum with median indentation ( Figs 463–464 , 470– 471 ); sternal plate II much different from other sternal plates, modified to wide band almost reaching ventral tergopleurites( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); accessory sternal plates on at least abdominal segments IV–VI ( Figs 463–464 , 470–471 ); dorsal anterior plate with posterior “horn” that overlaps with main head plate ( Figs 465 , 472 )................. Schizosairhynchus - ppss on latero-posterior corner; no median indentation of posterior margin of pteronotum; sternal plate II not modified as above, or if wide ( Fig. 277 ) not different in shape from more posterior sternal plates; no accessory sternal plates on abdominal segments IV–VI; dorsal anterior plate, if present, without such “horn”...........................................8 8. Prentannal area asymmetrical ( Figs 454 , 460 )...............................................................9 - Preantennal area symmetrical...........................................................................10 9. Ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 477 ); sternal plates present on all abdominal segments ( Fig. 477 ); mesosome longer than wide ( Fig. 478 ).............................................................................. Bizarrifrons - Ventral anterior plate absent ( Figs 453 , 459 ): sternal plates absent on at least abdominal segments II–III ( Figs 451–452 , 457– 458); mesosome wider than long ( Figs 455 , 461 ).................................................. Manucodicola 10. At least 1 seta apart from ss and ps on each side of tergopleurite II.............................................. 11 - No setae on tergopleurite II, or ss and ps only setae on tergopleurite II...........................................15 11. Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Figs 132 , 140 ); mesosome with wide lateral extensions overlapping with parameres ventrally ( Figs 134–135 , 142–143 )..................................................................... Hecatrishula - Dorsal preantennal suture present; mesosome without such lateral extensions.....................................12 12. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate posteriorly ( Figs 379 , 439 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 379 , 439 ); female subgenital plate reaches or approaches vulval margin ( Figs 383 , 440 )....................13 - Dorsal anterior plate continuous with main head plate ( Figs 124 , 340 ); antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 124–125 , 340–341 ); female subgenital plate does not approach vulval margin ( Figs 129 , 345 ).........................................14 13. Dorsal preantennal suture with postero-lateral extensions at ads ( Fig. 379 ); pns absent ( Fig. 379 ); dorsal anterior plate with roughly rectangular posterior end ( Fig. 379 ); steal rows present on at least some tergopleurites ( Figs 377–378 ); gonopore terminal ( Fig. 381 )............................................................................. Sturnidoecus - Dorsal preantennal suture without such extensions ( Fig. 439 ); pns present ( Fig. 439 ); dorsal anterior plate with rounded posterior end ( Fig. 439 ); no setal rows on any tergopleurite ( Figs 437–438 ); gonopore ventral ( Figs 442, 446, 449 )....................................................................................................... Rostrinirmus 14. Accessory sternal setae on at least some abdominal segments in both sexes ( Figs 338–339 , 346–347 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Figs 340 , 348 ); s3 microsetae ( Figs 340 , 348 ); parameral heads not swollen, not bifid, and with median or ventral fold ( Figs 344 , 352–353 ); female subgenital plate triangular, with median indentation of posterior margin ( Figs 345 , 353 )..................................................................................................... Nemuus - No accessory sternal setae on any abdominal segment ( Figs 122–123 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 124 ); s3 mesosetae ( Fig. 124 ); parameral heads swollen, bifid, but not folded medianly or ventrally ( Fig. 128 ); female subgenital plate oval, without median indentation of posterior margin ( Fig. 129 ).............................................. Osculonirmus 15. Pterothorax with more or less parallel lateral margins ( Figs 168–169 ); at least sternal plate II with antero-lateral thickening ( Figs 168–169 ); male abdominal segment XI extended into triangular tail ( Fig. 168 )........................ Aratricerca - Pterothorax with lateral margins divergent; no antero-lateral thickening on any sternal plate; male abdominal segment XI not forming triangular tail (but may protrude as in Priceiella sternotypica ( Fig. 277 )..................................16 16. Dorsal preantennal suture diagonal on each side, forming unique pattern (Fig, 509); sclerotized roof of head forming anterior angle ( Fig. 509 )................................................................................ Buerelius - Dorsal preantennal suture absent or not shaped as in Fig. 509 ; sclerotized head plate not forming anterior angle.........17 17. Female subgenital plate detached from cross-piece..........................................................18 - Female subgenital plate without cross-piece or if with cross-piece this is continuous with subgenital plate..............19 18. Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 108 ); male with setal rows of tergopleurites IV–VIII ( Fig. 106 ); female without psps on all tergopleurites ( Fig. 107 ); parameres slender, extended distally ( Fig. 112 )............................... Sychraella - Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 177 ); male without setal rows on all tergopleurites ( Fig.175 ); female with psps on at least some tergopleurites ( Fig. 176 ); parameres short, not extended distally ( Fig. 180 ).................... Turdinirmoides 19. Dorsal preantennal suture transversally continuous, but not connected to hyaline margin ( Figs 92 , 100 )....... Mirandofures - Dorsal preantennal suture absent, not transversally continuous, or if transversally continuous also connected to hyaline margin................................................................................................... 20 20. Dorsal preantennal suture absent.........................................................................21 - Dorsal preantennal suture present........................................................................22 21. Tergopleurites much reduced, not or barely reaching lateral margins of abdomen, but never ventral side of absomen ( Figs 319– 320 ); male genitalia roughly as in Figs 323–325 ; as3 absent ( Fig. 321 )................................. Corvonirmus - Tergopleurites not reduced as in Figs 319–320 , extending to ventral side of abdomen ( Figs 524–525 ); male genitalia of unique structure ( Figs 527–530 ); as3 present ( Fig. 526 )................................................... Aporisticeras 22. Female tergopleurite IX+X fused with tergopleurite XI.......................................................23 - Female tergopleurites IX+X and XI not fused..............................................................28 23. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate ( Fig. 148 ).................................... 24 - Dorsal anterior plate medianly continuous with main head plate ( Fig. 226 )....................................... 25 24. Ventral anterior plate present; pns present; antennae sexually dimorphic; mesosome without lateral extensions; females with ss on tergopleurites II–VIII....................................................................... Melibrueelia - Ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 148 ); antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 146–147 ); mesosome with lateral extensions overlapping with parameres ( Figs 149–150 ); females without ss on all tergopleurites ( Fig. 147 )........... Psammonirmus 25. pos present ( Fig. 226 ), but may be ventral ( Fig. 184 ); female subgenital plate without lateral extensions ( Figs 230 , 188 )...26 - pos absent ( Fig. 155 ); female subgenital plate with lateral extensions ( Figs 160 , 167 )...............................27 26. Temples angular ( Figs 184 , 191 ); pns microsetae ( Figs 184 , 191 )....................................... Turdinirmus - Temples rounded ( Figs 226 , 233 ); pns mesosetae ( Figs 226 , 233 )......................... Indoceoplanetes ( Capnodella ) 27. Antennae not sexually dimorphic ( Figs 161–162 ); male tergopleurites II–VI with ss ( Fig. 161 ); distal mesosome without large, brush-like extensions ( Fig. 165 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 163 ).................................... Resartor - Antennae sexually dimorphic ( Figs 155–156 ); male tergopleurites II–VI without ss ( Fig. 153 ); distal mesosome with large, brush-like extensions ( Fig. 158 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 155 )................................. Ceratocista 28. Multiple sts on each side on at least sternal plate VI (multiple sts may also be present on more anterior segments)........29 - Each sternal plate with at most 1 sts on each side............................................................30 29. Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 198 ); ventral anterior plate present ( Fig. 198 ); pns sensilla or microsetae ( Fig. 198 )............................................................................................ Maculinirmus - Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Fig. 219 ); ventral anterior plate absent ( Fig. 219 ); pns mesosetae ( Fig. 219 )...................................................................................... Indoceoplanetes ( Indoceoplanetes ) 30. Parameral heads folded medianly or with finger-like median extensions; tps absent on male tergopleurites V–VIII; psps present on female tergopleurite IV.............................................................................31 - Parameral heads bifid or blunt, not folded medianly, and without finger-like median extensions; tps present on at least some of male tergopleurites V–VIII; psps absent on female tergopleurite IV.............................................38 31. Dorsal preantennal suture with postero-lateral extensions posterior to ads ( Fig. 429 ); male subgenital plate not reaching distal end of abdomen ( Fig. 427 ); tergopleurites of both sexes without ventral section on all abdominal segments ( Fig. 427 ); pns absent ( Fig. 429 )............................................................................ Buphagoecus - Dorsal preantennal suture absent, or if present without postero-lateral extensions posterior to ads ; male subgenital plate reaches distal end of abdomen; tergopleurites of both sexes with ventral sections at least on abdominal segments II–VI; pns present.............................................................................................32 32. Dorsal preantennal suture present, interrupting marginal carina at least submedianly ( Figs 362–364 ), or, if not interrupting marginal carina submedianly (as in Gu. cicchinoi ) with neither ads nor dsms situated in suture ( Fig. 361 )........................................................................................................ Guimaraesiella - Dorsal preantennal suture absent, or if present not interrupting marginal carina and with either ads , dsms or both situated in suture..............................................................................................33 33. Female subgenital plate does not cross-piece at vulval margin ( Figs 269 , 333)....................................34 - Female subgenital plate forms cross-piece at vulval margin ( Fig. 284 )...........................................35 34. Mesosomal lobes wide and of complicated structure ( Figs 334–337 ), fused distal to ventral gonopore; ventral sections of tergopleurites slender, may be absent on abdominal segments VII–VIII ( Figs 327–328 )....................... Olivinirmus - Mesosomal lobes slight, without ridges, thickenings, nodi, or rugose areas, not fused distal to terminal gonopore ( Figs 267 , 274 ); ventral sections of tergopleurites wide, present on segments II–VIII ( Figs263–264 , 270–271 )........... Traihoriella 35. Sternal plates and antero-lateral section of subgenital plates of both sexes with distinct modifications ( Figs 277–278 ); accessory sternal plate present lateral to male subgenital plate ( Fig. 277 ); proximal mesosome very slender ( Fig. 282 ); distal mesosome small, roughly triangular ( Fig. 282 ).................................................. Priceiella ( Priceiella ) - Sternal plates and subgenital plate without modifications; no accessory sternal plates lateral to male subgenital plate; proximal mesosome wide; distal mesosome wide, of varying shapes ( Figs 289 , 304 , 312 )...................................36 36. Dorsal preantennal suture, if present, arising around dsms and may continue posteriorly to ads ( Fig. 302 ); male tergopleurites IV–VI without aps ( Fig. 300 ); parameres parallel distally ( Fig. 303 )......................... Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) - Male tergopleurites IV–VI with aps ( Figs 277 , 305 ); dorsal preantennal suture, if present, restricted to around ads ( Fig. 279 ); parameres divergent distally ( Figs 290 , 313 )...............................................................37 37. Male tergopleurite III with aps ( Fig. 307 ); proximal mesosome does not overlap with basal apodeme ( Fig. 311 )............................................................................................ Priceiella ( Torosinirmus ) - Male tergopleurite III without aps ( Figs 285 , 292 ); proximal mesosome overlaps with basal apodeme ( Figs 288 , 296 )....................................................................................... Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) 38. Female subgenital plate with at least partial cross-piece but without reticulation ( Figs 48 , 89 ); s4 absent ( Figs 44 , 85 ); ps absent on female abdominal segment II (43, 84)..................................................................39 - Female subgenital plate without cross-piece, but with reticulation ( Fig. 82 ); s4 present ( Fig. 77 ); ps present on female abdominal segment II ( Fig. 76 )....................................................................... Teinomordeus 39. Female subgenital plate with complete cross-piece ( Fig. 48 ); as2, pos , and mts 1 present ( Fig. 44 )........... Brueelia s. str. - Female subgenital plate with partial cross-piece ( Fig. 89 ); as2, pos , and mts 1 absent ( Fig. 85 )................ Acronirmus 40. mts 2 modified ( Figs 504 , 514 ); mts 4–5 microsetae ( Figs 504 , 514 ); female tergopleurite IX+X not fused with tergopleurite XI ( Figs 503 , 513 ); gonopore close proximally ( Figs 506 , 516 )...................................................41 - mts 2 not modified ( Fig. 512 ); mts 4–5 mesosetae in male and mts 4 mesosetae in female ( Figs 210–211 ); female tergopleurite IX+X fused with tergopleurite XI ( Fig. 211 ); gonopore open proximally ( Fig. 214 )....................... Titanomessor 41. Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Fig. 504 ); temples rounded ( Fig. 504 ); antennal canals absent ( Fig. 504 ); sternal plates II– VI absent ( Figs 502–502 ); psps present on tergopleurites III–V in both sexes ( Figs 502–503 ); parameres not fused to mesosome ( Figs 505–506 ); female tergopleurite VIII with setal row ( Fig. 503 ).............................. Motmotnirmus - Dorsal preantennal suture absent ( Figs 514 , 520 ); temples angular ( Figs 514 , 520 ), antennal canals present ( Figs 514 , 520 ); sternal plates II–VI present ( Figs 512–513 , 518–519 ); psps absent on tergopleurites III–V in both sexes ( Figs 512–513 , 518– 519 ); parameres fused to mesosome ( Figs 516 , 522 ); female tergopleurite VIII without setal row ( Figs 513 , 519 )......................................................................................................... Couala