Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) Author Olmi, Massimo Author Copeland, Robert S. Author Noort, Simon Van text Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-10 4630 1 1 619 journal article 26202 10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1 db6a16a6-0fe8-4987-8ad5-42223825fcd7 1175-5326 3336635 8D375836-CCBA-473C-836F-6ABD44B4F881 15. Genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810 Gonatopus Ljungh 1810: 161 ; Richards 1937: 118 ; Olmi 1993b: 77 ; 1994: 66; 1995c: 787; 1995g : 5; 1996a: 182; 1998c: 72; 1998d: 177; 1999: 231; He & Xu 2002: 318 ; Virla & Olmi 2008: 371 ; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 100 ; Lelej 2012: 398 ; Xu et al . 2013: 354 ; Olmi & Virla 2014: 353 ; Olmi & Xu 2015: 151 . Dicondylus Haliday in Curtis 1829 –1831: 110 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Dicondylus bicolor (Haliday in Curtis, 1828 ) , designated by Kieffer (1914b) ; Haliday 1833: 273 ; Walker 1837: 411 ; Kieffer 1914b: 72 ; Richards 1935: 147 ; 1937: 118 ; Olmi 1984: 1374 ; 1993b: 78 . Labeo Haliday 1833: 273 (name preoccupied by Labeo Cuvier 1817 ) (synonymized by Richards 1937 ); type species: Labeo vitripennis Haliday 1833 , by monotypy; Walker 1837: 429 ; Dalla Torre 1898: 542 ; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 220 . Labeola Haldeman 1842: 191 , new name for Labeo Haliday 1833 (synonymized by Krombein 1979 with Dicondylus Haliday in Curtis, 1829 –1831). Pseudogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 34 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Pseudogonatopus kurandae R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488 ; Kieffer 1914b: 79 ; Richards 1939: 195 ; J. Perkins 1976: 32 ; Chandra 1980: 192 ; Olmi 1984: 1191 ; 1993b: 78 . Paragonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 40 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Paragonatopus nigricans R. Perkins 1905 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488 ; Kieffer 1914b: 87 ; Richards 1939: 195 ; Olmi 1979: 218. Neogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 42 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Neogonatopus ombrodes R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation. Pachygonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 45 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Pachygonatopus melanias R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation. Chalcogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Chalcogonatopus gigas R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation. Eugonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Chalcogonatopus ( Eugonatopus ) pseudochromus R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation. Mercetia Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 495 (synonymized by Olmi 1996a ); type species: Mercetia longicollis (Kieffer 1905) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 19 ; Olmi 1996a: 182 . Platygonatopus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 500 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Platygonatopus planiceps (Kieffer 1904) , designated by Richards (1939) ; Benoit 1951a: 299 . Apterodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 14 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Apterodryinus torvus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1342 ; 1993b: 78 . Agonatopus R. Perkins 1907: 29 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Agonatopus pallidicornis R. Perkins 1907 , designated by Richards (1939) . Agonatopoides R. Perkins 1907: 33 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Agonatopoides synchromus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1310 ; 1993b: 78 . Cyrtogonatopus Kieffer 1907: 19 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Cyrtogonatopus breviforceps (Kieffer 1904) , by monotypy. Pristogonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi & Currado 1974 ); type species: Pristogonatopus dentatiforceps (Kieffer 1904) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 71 ; Richards 1939: 195 . Digonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Richards 1939 ); type species: Digonatopus javanus (R. Perkins 1912 ) , by monotypy; Benoit 1951a: 298 . Trigonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Trigonatopus bifarius (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906 ) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 72 . Laberius Kieffer 1914b: 59 , new name for Labeo Haliday 1833 (synonymized by Richards 1937 ); Richards 1936: 169 . Trichogonatopus Hellén 1930: 2 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Trichogonatopus lindbergi Hellén 1930 , original designation. Laberinus Ogloblin 1932: 266 (misspelling). Metagonatopus Ogloblin 1932: 264 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Metagonatopus brasiliensis Ogloblin 1932 , by original designation. Allogonatopus Haupt 1938: 27 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Allogonatopus procerus Haupt 1938 , by original designation. Donisthorpina Richards 1939: 201 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Donisthorpina formicicola Richards 1939 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1304 ; 1993b: 78 . Plectrogonatopus Richards 1939: 207 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Plectrogonatopus striatus (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905 ) , by original designation. Tetrodontochelys Richards 1939: 217 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Tetrodontochelys ljunghii ( Westwood 1833 ) , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1434 ; 1993b: 78 . Epigonatopoides Richards 1939: 221 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Epigonatopoides pulicarius ( Klug 1810 ) , by original designation. Idologonatopus Ogloblin 1953: 111 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Idologonatopus nigrithorax Ogloblin 1953 , by original designation. Rhynchogonatopus Benoit 1954: 390 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Rhynchogonatopus meridionalis Benoit 1954 , by original designation. Madecagonatopus Benoit 1954: 392 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Madecagonatopus ankaratrus ( Ceballos 1936 ) , by original designation. Pseudogonatopoides Williams 1956: 90 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Pseudogonatopoides mauritianus Williams 1956 , by original designation. Cyrtogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1966: 1579 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Cyrtogonatopoides borealis Ponomarenko 1966 , by original designation. Plectrogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1975a: 318 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Plectrogonatopoides chortinis Ponomarenko 1975a , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1431 ; 1993b: 78 . Tetradontochelys J. Perkins 1976: 35 (unjustified emendation). Neogonatopoides Abdul-Nour 1976: 274 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Neogonatopoides claudiae Abdul-Nour 1976 , by monotypy. Dolichochelys Olmi & Currado 1976: 177 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Dolichochelys longicornis (Kieffer 1904) , by original designation. Megagonatopus Olmi & Currado 1976: 178 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Megagonatopus birmanus Olmi & Currado 1976 , by original designation. Acrodontochelys Currado 1976: 13 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b ); type species: Acrodontochelys bouceki Currado 1976 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1172 ; 1993b: 78 . Nogatopus Ponomarenko 1979: 357 (synonymized by Olmi 1984 ); type species: Nogatopus gobiensis Ponomarenko 1979 , by original designation. Paradicondylus Olmi 1986: 102 (synonymized by Olmi 1998c ); type species: Paradicondylus paulyi Olmi 1986 , by monotypy and original designation; Olmi 1993b: 78 ; 1998c: 72 . Type species. Gonatopus formicarius Ljungh 1810 , by monotypy. Diagnosis. ♀ : apterous ( Fig. 167A ) or fully winged ( Fig. 247A ); palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, or 6/3; antenna with ( Fig. 6A ) or without ADOs; pronotum crossed ( Fig. 171E ) or not ( Fig. 198F ) by transverse furrow; enlarged claw with apex pointed and with one large ( Fig. 168F ) or small ( Fig. 198G ) subapical tooth (occasionally subapical tooth absent, then enlarged claw with distal group of lamellae); in fully winged forms, protarsomere 5 with more than 20 lamellae ( Fig. 244E ); tibial spurs 1/0/1. ♂ : fully winged ( Figs 167B, C ); occipital carina absent ( Fig. 6C ) or incomplete (in this last case, only present behind and shortly on sides of lateral ocelli); occiput concave ( Fig. 6C ); temple present; palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, or 6/3; tibial spurs 1/1/2. Distribution. Worldwide. Hosts. Acanaloniidae , Caliscelidae , Cicadellidae (except Typhlocybinae , Idiocerinae , Macropsinae ), Delphacidae , Flatidae , Issidae , Lophopidae , Tropiduchidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi 1997 , 2006, 2007; Guglielmino et al . 2013 ). World species . 442 species are known, 133 in the Afrotropical region, including two species incertae sedis . Remarks. Larvae of Gonatopus were described by Ponomarenko (1975b) , Carcupino et al. (1996 , 1998 ), Guglielmino & Virla (1998) , Virla & Mangione (2000) , Guglielmino (2002) , Mangione & Virla (2004) and Guglielmino et al. (2006, 2007, 2008).