Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea)
Author
Olmi, Massimo
Author
Copeland, Robert S.
Author
Noort, Simon Van
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-07-10
4630
1
1
619
journal article
26202
10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1
db6a16a6-0fe8-4987-8ad5-42223825fcd7
1175-5326
3336635
8D375836-CCBA-473C-836F-6ABD44B4F881
1.
Gonatopus nearcticus
(
Fenton, 1927
)
(
Figs 167
A–C, 168A, B)
Epigonatopus americanus
Fenton 1921: 70 (preoccupied by
Pseudogonatopus americanus
R. Perkins 1905) (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Ames (Iowa, U.S.A.).
Pachygonatopus nearcticus
Fenton 1927: 6.
Platygonatopus ugandanus
Benoit 1951a: 300 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Bululo (Uganda); Benoit 1951d: 19.
Rhynchogonatopus ugandanus
(Benoit): Olmi & Currado 1976: 173.
Acrodontochelys bouceki
Currado 1976: 14 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Nerja (Spain); Graham 1983: 1; Olmi 1984: 1174; Graham 1988: 79.
Acrodontochelys ugandanus
(Benoit): Olmi 1984: 1174.
Acrodontochelys sinensis
Olmi 1984: 1180 (synonymized by Xu
et al
. 2012); type locality: Macau (P.R. China).
Acrodontochelys americanus
(Fenton): Olmi 1984: 1182.
Gonatopus nearcticus
(Fenton): Olmi 1993b: 80, 83; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 194, 237; Tussac & Olmi 1998: 490; Olmi 1999: 246; 2004a: 368; 2005b: 126;
2006: 44; Guglielmino & Olmi 2007: 126; Olmi 2009b: 459; Burn 2011: 88; Penati & Olmi 2011: 79; Olmi
et al
. 2015: 365; Olmi
et al
. 2016: 79.
FIGURE 167.
Habitus of
Gonatopus
species: group 1.
G. nearcticus
(Fenton): A: ♀ from Spain, Nerja, in dorsal view; B, C: ♂ from Uganda, Serere, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 1.51 mm; B: 3.00 mm; C: 1.88 mm.
FIGURE 168.
A, D–G: chelae of
Gonatopus
species. A:
G. nearcticus
(Fenton)
, ♀ from Uganda, Serere; D:
G. acutus
(Olmi)
, holotype; E:
G. amoenus
Olmi
, holotype; F:
G. camposensis
Olmi
, holotype; G:
G. ceballosi
Olmi
, holotype. B: genitalia of
G. nearcticus
(Fenton)
, ♂ from Greece, Pyrgi. C: head in frontal view of
G. acutus
(Olmi)
, ♀ from South Africa, The Baths. Scale bar: A, E: 0.09 mm; B: 0.20 mm; C: 0.26 mm; D, G: 0.07 mm; F: 0.08 mm.
Description.
♀
(
Fig. 167A
). Apterous; body length 2.0–4.0 mm. Head black or brown, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of frons yellow or testaceous; antenna black or brown, except antennomeres 1–3 yellow or testaceous; occasionally antenna testaceous-brown; mesosoma, petiole and metasoma usually black, except posterior apex of propodeal declivity testaceous; occasionally mesosoma and metasoma brown-testaceous or testaceous-reddish, except petiole black; occasionally mesosoma brown, except mesoscutum yellow; legs yellow or testaceous, except coxae and clubs of femora almost completely black, or darkened, or brown-reddish.
♀♀
with testaceousreddish mesosoma observed only in the
USA
(
Texas
: Lost Maples State Park; Inks Lake State Park). Antenna clavate; antennomeres of
holotype
of
P. nearcticus
in following proportions: 4:4:9:5.5:5:5:4:4:4:7; antennomeres of
holotype
of
A. sinensis
in following proportions: 5:3:7:4:4:4:4:4:3.5:5. Head flat or slightly convex, dull, slightly or strongly granulate; frontal line complete; occipital carina absent; temple distinct; POL = 3; OL = 2; OOL = 5. Palpal formula 5/2, or 4/2, or 3/2, or 2/2. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, shiny, slightly or strongly granulate. Mesoscutum dull, granulate. Metanotum granulate and transversely striate, about coplanar to mesoscutellum. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate; propodeal declivity usually transversely striate, occasionally almost completely granulate and not transversely striate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Mesopleuron and metapleuron granulate, with or without transverse striae. Protarsomere 1 about twice as long as 4 (14:7; or 15:7; or 12:7). Protarsomeres of
holotype
of
A. sinensis
in following proportions: 15:2:3:7:13. Enlarged claw (
Fig. 168A
) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 3–6 peg-like bristles. Protarsomere 5 (
Fig. 168A
) with two rows of 6–22 lamellae; apex with approximately 6–9 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.
♂
(
Figs 167B, C
). Fully winged; body length
1.6–2.8 mm
. Head black or brown, except mandible testaceous or yellow; antenna brown or black; mesosoma and metasoma black or brown; legs banded, brown or black, except trochanters, stalks of femora, extremities of tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antenna setose, filiform; antennomeres of
♂
paratype
of
A. bouceki
in following proportions: 5:4:8:7:7:7:6:6:6:8; antennomere 3 four or more than 4 × as long as broad. Antennomeres of specimen from P.R.
China
, Ruyang, in following proportions: 4:4:7:7:6.5:6.5:5.5:5:5:7. Head shiny, alutaceous, slightly punctate; vertex laterally without two shiny and smooth areas situated between lateral ocelli and eyes; frontal line incomplete, only present between antennal toruli; occipital carina absent; occiput concave; temple distinct; POL = 6; OL = 4; OOL = 2 (or POL = 6; OL = 2; OOL = 2; or POL = 7; OL = 3; OOL = 1.5); greatest breadth of lateral ocelli about twice as long as OOL. Palpal formula 3/2, or 4/2. Mesoscutum dull, setose, slightly granulate. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.4–0.7 × length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Metapectal-propodeal disc and propodeal declivity completely shiny, unsculptured; metapectal-propodeal disc with or without median longitudinal furrow. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; 2R1 cell open; 2r-rs&Rs vein regularly curved, with distal part much longer than proximal part. Dorsal process of paramere (
Fig. 168B
) more or less long and slender, with distal third parallel to penis. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.
Material examined
.
Types
:
♀
holotype
of
P. nearcticus
:
USA
:
Iowa
,
Woodbury Co.
,
Sioux City
,
IX.1919
,
reared from a jassid
,
C.N. Ainslie
leg. (
USNM
)
;
♀
holotype
of
E. americanus
:
USA
:
Iowa
,
Story Co.
,
Ames
,
25.VII.1919
,
E.D. Ball
leg. (
USNM
);
♀
holotype
of
P. ugandanus
:
UGANDA
:
Bululo
,
1909
,
E. Bayon
leg. (
MCSNG
)
;
♀
holotype
of
A. bouceki
:
SPAIN
: Malaga, Nerja,
3.VII.1974
, Z. Boucek leg. (
NHMUK
);
♀
holotype
of
A. sinensis
:
P.R. CHI-NA
:
Macau
(
BPBM
)
.
Paratypes
of
E. americanus
:
USA
: same locality label as
holotype
,
4♀♀
(
USNM
).
Paratypes
of
A. bouceki
:
SPAIN
: Malaga, Nerja,
23.VI.1973
, Z. Boucek leg.,
13♀♀
(
9 in
NHMUK
,
4 in
DISAFA
); Granada, La Herradura,
24.VI.1973
, Z. Boucek leg.,
1♀
,
1♂
(
NHMUK
); Granada, Calahonda,
22.VI.1973
, Z. Boucek leg.,
2♀♀
(
NHMUK
); Castellón, Benicasim,
13–15.VI.1973
, Z. Boucek leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
); same locality label,
22– 24.VI.1974
,
1♂
(
NHMUK
); Granada, Calahonda,
22.VI.1973
, Z. Boucek leg.,
2♀♀
(
NHMUK
); Barcelona, Calella de la Costa,
VI.1974
, Z. Boucek leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
);
Paratypes
of
A. sinensis
:
CHINA
: Macau,
3♀♀
(
1 in
BPBM
,
2 in
AMNH
); Chin San,
1♀
(
BPBM
).
VIET NAM
:
Lam Dong Prov.
, Di Linh, Plateau of Djiring,
1♀
(
AMNH
).
Other material
:
BENIN
: Gomé,
12.XI.1993
,
1♀
(
CIRAD
).
BOTSWANA
: SE of
Gaborone District
, at roadsides in town,
9.I.1982
,
1♀
(
ZIL
).
ETHIOPIA
: Kefa Province, Jima,
1♀
(
NHMUK
).
KENYA
: Central Prov., Nairobi,
1♀
(
MRSNT
); Central Prov., Olgasalic,
1♀
(
MRAC
); Central Prov., Mount Kenya Safari Club,
1♀
(
USUC
); Rift Valley Prov., Subukia,
00°0.429’N
36°14.523’E
,
24.III–11.IV.2010
, Dupopnt & Braet leg.,
1♀
(
FSAE
). MADA- GASCAR: Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest,
40 km
S Ambositra,
20°47.56’S
47°10.54’E
,
825 m
,
11–20.II.2007
, MT, low altitude rainforest, M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-29-78,
1♀
(
CAS
).
MOZAMBIQUE
:
Nampula Prov.
,
Nampula
, approximately
500 m
from
Nampula
Catholic Seminary,
24.XI.1999
, M. Olmi leg.,
1♀
(
MOLC
); Ni- assa, Cuamba, Catholic University of Mozambique, Faculty of Agriculture Campus,
26.V.2007
, M. Olmi leg.,
2♀♀
(
MOLC
).
NAMIBIA
:
134 km
E Swakopmund, along Rd. B 2,
4.III.2006
, M. Olmi reared ex
Paradorydium spatulatum
(Naudé)
,
2♀♀
,
1♂
(
MOLC
).
SOUTH AFRICA
:
Eastern Cape
, Port St Johns,
1–14.V.1923
,
15–3.V.1923
,
16–28.IV.1924
, R.E. Turner leg.,
9♀♀
(
7 in
NHMUK
,
2 in
AMNH
);
Free State
, Harrismith,
II.1927
, R.E. Turner leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
);
Free State
, Sasolburg, Wonderwater Colliery,
26°46.11’S
27°46.59’E
,
1450 m
,
12.V.1999
, D- Vac, IS-08b, M. Stiller leg.,
1♀
(
SANC
);
Gauteng
, Tierpoort,
1♀
(
NCIP
);
Gauteng
, Pretoria Dist., Soutpan,
25°24’S
28°06’E
,
1♀
(
SANC
);
Gauteng
, Pretoria, EKH,
V.1946
, A.R.I. Pretoria, SAM-HYM-PO21006,
1♀
(
SAMC
); Kwa- Zulu-Natal, Richards
Bay
,
28°46’S
32°04’E
,
1♀
(
ZIL
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Gingindhlovu,
9.VI.1926
, R.E. Turner leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
,
AMNH
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Empangeni,
26.IV.1926
, R.E. Turner leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Kloof,
VIII.1926
,
IX.1926
, R.E. Turner leg.,
10♀♀
(
NHMUK
); same locality label,
1♀
(
DASB
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Drakensberg, Van Reenen,
23–26.I.1927
, R.E. Turner leg.,
2♀♀
(
AMNH
,
NHMUK
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Champagne Castle, Hotel vicinity,
29°04’S
29°25’E
,
16–20.X.2000
, swept off grass (
Oplismenus
sp.,
Poaceae
) and herb. shrubs under tree canopy, M. Stiller leg.,
2♀♀
(
SANC
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Northern Drakensberg,
4 km
S of Cavern Berg Re- sort, along the road from R74 to Cavern Berg Resort,
9.IV.2007
, M. Olmi leg.,
2♀♀
(
MOLC
,
SAMC
); same locality label, C.
9.IV.2007
, B.
10.IV.2007
, M. Olmi reared from
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
,
1♂
(
MOLC
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Winterton, along Rd 600, 5 km S of junction with Rd to Loskop, C.
10.IV.2007
, B.
12.IV.2007
, M. Olmi reared from
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
,
1♂
(
MOLC
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Winterton, along Rd 600, grass in front of the gate of Cathrin Farm,
10.IV.2007
, M. Olmi leg.,
2♀♀
(
MOLC
); same locality label, C.
10.IV.2007
, B.
11.IV.2007
, M. Olmi reared from
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
,
1♀
(
MOLC
); same locality label, C.
10.IV.2007
, B.
12.IV.2007
, M. Olmi reared from
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
,
1♀
(
SAMC
),
1♂
(
MOLC
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak, inside the park, grass near the gate of Cathedral Peak Hotel, C.
11.IV.2007
, B.
12.IV.2004
, M. Olmi reared from
Balclutha rosea
(Scott)
,
1♂
(
MOLC
);
KwaZulu-Natal
, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak, inside the park, grass near the gate of Cathedral Peak Hotel, C.
11.IV.2007
, B.
12.IV.2007
, M. Olmi reared from
Maiestas angustisecta
(Linnavuori)
,
1♂
(
MOLC
);
Western Cape
, Koornplanskloof,
10 km
S of Citrusdal,
32°40’S
19°01’E
,
200–270 m
,
1♀
(
ZIL
).
SWAZILAND
:
2 km
N of Loyengo,
26°33’S
31°11’E
,
1♀
(
ZIL
).
UGANDA
: Kawanda,
V.1943
,
VI.1943
, T.H.C. Taylor leg.,
3♀♀
,
3♂♂
(
NHMUK
); same locality label,
1♀
,
1♂
(
AMNH
);
Serere
,
VII.1943
, T.H.C. Taylor leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
).
ZIMBABWE
:
Harare
(= Salisbury), A. Watsham leg.,
2♀♀
,
1♂
(
NHMUK
);
Harare
, Chisha- washa,
V.1980
, A. Watsham leg.,
1♀
(
NHMUK
).
Palaearctic
:
G. nearcticus
is known from the following countries: Bulgaria (
new record
: Oblast Shumen, Bajkovo,
16.VIII.2016
, A. Guglielmino and C. Bückle leg.,
1♀
(
MOLC
)), Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain (including
Canary
Islands) and
Turkey
(
Olmi 1999
).
Oriental region
:
G. nearcticus
is known from the following countries: India, P.R. China, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam (
Xu
et al
. 2013
).
Nearctic region
:
G. nearcticus
is known from the
USA
(
Olmi 1984
,
1999
).
Hosts
.
Cicadellidae (
Guglielmino
et al
. 2013
)
: in the Palaearctic region: in
France
:
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
; in
Italy
(Pantelleria Island):
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
. In the Afrotropical region: in
Namibia
:
Paradorydium spatulatum
(Naudé)
; in
South Africa
:
Balclutha frontalis
(Ferrari)
(=
Balclutha rosea
(Scott))
,
Maiestas angustisecta
(Linnavuori)
. In the Nearctic region: in the
USA
:
Balclutha neglecta
(DeLong & Davidson)
;
Balclutha impicta
(Van Duzee)
.
Distribution
.
Benin
,
Botswana
,
Ethiopia
,
Kenya
,
Madagascar
,
Mozambique
,
Namibia
,
South Africa
,
Swaziland
,
Uganda
,
Zimbabwe
, in addition to many countries of the Oriental, Western Palaearctic and Nearctic regions.