Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 53278 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena stigma sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E3896101-5F6D-4CD5-BF28-C484B68151E7 Figs 50–52 Differential diagnosis Males of A . stigma sp. nov. are differentiated from all those of the pectorosa and pacifica groups by the presence of the following features: middle section of ventral tegular projection broad, retrolateral edge with a translucent edge, prolateral surface also distended; distal edge of median apophysis flat and curved, ventral edge with a transparent lamella ( Figs 50E–F , 51A–D ). RTA anterior branch spine-shaped with a blunt tip, longer than posterior branch, which is shaped as a curved lamella. Coxae II and III with a mid-ventral tubercle, coxa IV with two tubercles ( Figs 50E–F , 51A–F ). Ventral tegular projection with broad middle sections and translucent retrolateral edges are also present in A. zorynae ( Durán-Barrón et al. 2016 : figs 5, 9), A. pacifica ( Dondale & Redner 1982 : fig. 336), A. tonoi sp. nov. ( Fig. 46A ) and A. miniducta sp. nov. ( Fig. 32A ). Similar RTA are present in A. scopulata (Pickard-Cambridge F. 1900: pl. 7 fig. 17), A. simplex (Pickard-Cambridge O. 1896: pl. 7 fig. 11) and A. tonoi sp. nov. ( Fig. 47A, D ). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin ‘ stigma ’ (‘mark’ or ‘brand’), in reference to the several dark spots on the scutum and epiandrous region. Holotype MEXICO • ♂ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Xamaticpac , Plot I; 19.14172° N , 97.20597° W ; alt. 1710 m ; 4–17 Feb. 2014 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment, CRP ; AR_022; GenBank: ON619667 ; CNAN-T01539 . Paratype MEXICO • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; AR_021; GenBank: ON619666 ; CNAN-T01574 . Description Male Total length 6.5. Carapace yellow, darker over ocular quadrangle, around fovea and clypeus. Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites yellow, rectangular, broader at tip ( Fig. 50A–C ). Chelicerae brown, paturon dorsal surface covered with black reticulated pattern ( Fig. 50D ), promargin with four teeth, retromargin with eight to nine denticles. Abdomen dorsal and lateral surfaces white, hirsute, covered with black marks, ventral surface pattern diffused. Tracheal spiracle at center of abdomen ( Fig. 50A, C ). Prolateral apophysis present. Tibia longer than wide. Ventral branch of median tibial apophysis present ( Figs 50E , 51A– D ). Cephalothorax length 2.98, thoracic width 2.29, cephalic width 1.06. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05, AME– ALE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.05, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 2.98, II 2.68, III 2.24, IV 2.93. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Female Unknown. Variation Males (N= 2): total length 6.4 (±0.14), cephalothorax length 2.93 (± 0.07), thoracic width 2.29 (± 0.0), cephalic width 1.05 (±0.02), femur I 2.98 (± 0.0). Fig. 50. Anyphaena stigma sp. nov. , paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01574). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Pedipalp, ventral view. F . Pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C=1.0 mm; D =0.5 mm; E–F =0.2 mm. Distribution This species is found in oak and tropical wet forest fragments around Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Both specimens were collected by cryptic searching over leaf litter and tree bark.