News from Baltic amber: a new tribe of extinct Paleogene ironclad beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Zopherinae)
Author
Alekseev, Vitalii I.
Kaliningrad Regional Amber Museum, Marshal Vasilevskii square 1, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia. & Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskii str. 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
Author
Nabozhenko, Maxim V.
Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Gadzhiev str. 45, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000, Russia. & Dagestan State University, M. Gadzhiev str. 43 a, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000, Russia
text
Zootaxa
2023
2023-06-02
5297
3
435
445
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.3.8
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.5297.3.8
1175-5326
8005225
EC0AD75A-AB80-45CD-906F-39DFD6BCE6CC
Genus
Yantaroxenos
Nabozhenko, Kirejtshuk et Merkl, 2016
Type
species:
Yantaroxenos colydioides
Nabozhenko, Kirejtshuk et Merkl, 2016
Comment:
The extinct monotypic genus
Yantaroxenos
Nabozhenko, Kirejtshuk et Merkl, 2016
was originally described from Baltic amber as a presumed representative of the tribe
Belopini
(
Tenebrionidae
:
Lagriinae
). The
holotype
was studied by optical microscopy. Since some important characters were not observed, the original description states: “parts of the integument of the specimen with milky cover,” “mesoventrite, meso- and metepisterna and metepimera not visible,” and “
Yantaroxenos
has unclear combination of tribal characters because diagnostic structures of the head are poorly visible” (
Nabozhenko
et al.
2016
).
The familial placement of
Yantaroxenos
(with two logical alternatives,
Zopheridae
or
Tenebrionidae
) was initially the cause of much concern during the study of
Nabozhenko
et al.
(2016)
. Finally, placement in the tribe
Belopini
was considered the most appropriate for this extinct Baltic amber beetle. One important character of
Yantaroxenos
, however, was regrettably misinterpreted: In reality, all abdominal ventrites in
Yantaroxenos
are unfused and apparently connected by narrow membranes (
Fig. 7
), as is the case for
Zopheromimus auriborussiensis
sp. nov.
(
Fig. 5
). Darkling beetles have connate abdominal ventrites 1 and 2. Ventrites 3–5 can be hinged in the middle or laterally, and membranes between ventrites 3–5 are visible in almost all representatives of tenebrionoid branch having defensive glands (
Matthews & Bouchard 2008
,
Matthews
et al.
2010
). By lacking any connate ventrites,
Yantaroxenos
should be excluded from the family
Tenebrionidae
.
The new species
Zopheromimus auriborussiensis
sp. nov.
allowed examination of the ventral side of the thorax and head in this group of beetles. Our findings supported the assignment of
Zopheromimus
gen. nov
.
to the new tribe within the subfamily
Zopherinae
.
Yantaroxenos colydioides
shares with
Zopheromimus auriborussiensis
sp. nov.
all of the external characters that are interpreted here to have tribal-level significance (including the paired preapical grooves on abdominal ventrite 5, which was not mentioned in original description, but is present, see
Fig. 7
). The main differences between these two genera are in the pronotal shape and number of antennomeres. The features described above led us to conclude that the extinct genus
Yantaroxenos
should be transferred from the tribe
Belopini
(
Tenebrionidae
:
Lagriinae
) to
Zopheromimini
trib. nov.
(
Zopheridae
:
Zopherinae
).