The squat lobster genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 in New Zealand and eastern Australia, with description of six new species Author Schnabel, Kareen E. Author Ahyong, Shane T. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-10-23 4688 3 301 347 journal article 25166 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.3.1 5644b1e6-649e-4bdb-9c2f-9547055eeb6f 1175-5326 3516745 DC8D545C-9F75-4A4E-B6DD-22A547694B27 Phylladiorhynchus australis n. sp. ( Figs. 2 , 3 , 15A ) Galathea pusilla .— Thomson, 1899: 193 , pl. 21, fig. 7 (Wanganui, Cook Strait, Paterson Inlet, 14.6 m ).— Chilton, 1906: 267 (Channel Islands, Auckland , 46 m ).— Chilton, 1911: 303 ( New Zealand , 35 fathoms).— Borradaile, 1916: 92 (off Three Kings Islands and off North Cape, New Zealand , 183– 128 m ).— Hale, 1927: 80 (South Australia, 75 fathoms). Phylladiorhynchus pusillus . — Rowden et al ., 2010 , tab. 3 (in part). Type material. HOLOTYPE : NIWA 92587 , female ( 3.7 mm ), Stn. TAN 1108/138, Cornish Head Canyon , Otago , 45.589–45.593°S , 171.060–171.057°E , 103–105 m , 24 May 2011 . PARATYPES : NIWA 56530 , 1 male ( 3.4 mm ) , NZOI Stn. TAN 0906/154, North Cape , 34.374–34.378°S , 172.923–172.920°E , 72– 61 m , 14 Jul 2009 . NIWA 122226 , 1 female ( 3.8 mm ), Stn. TAN 1404/13, Bay of Plenty , 38.576°S , 178.607°E , 170 m , 4 May 2014 . NIWA 33656 , 2 females ov. (4.3, 4.5 mm ), Stn. TAN 0705/1, Cook Strait , 41.530–41.530°S , 174.860–174.855°E , 171–173 m , 01 Apr 2007 . NIWA 108588 , 1 female ov. (3.0 mm), 1 female ( 3.3 mm ), Stn. KAH 1703/75, Tasman Bay , 40.919– 40.879°S , 173.427–173.427°E , 48–49 m , 14 Apr 2017 . Other material. Norfolk Island : NIWA 21238 , 1 female (2.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. P46, 28.705°S , 167.945°E , 475 m , 30 Jan 1977 . NIWA 21258 , 1 female ( 2.9 mm ) , NZOI Stn. I76 , 28.75°S , 167.752°E , 259 m , 20 Jul 1975 . Three Kings region : NIWA 21286 , 6 specimens ( 1.5–3.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E843, 33.917°S , 172.283 °E , 106 m , 16 Mar 1968 . NIWA 73203 , 1 male ( 3.8 mm ), 1 female (2.0 mm), TAN 1105/42, Middlesex Bank , 33.966–33.954°S , 171.772–171.773°E , 96– 92 m , 28 Mar 2011 . NIWA 10676 , 1 female ov. ( 2.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C763, 33.967°S , 172.293°E , 73–77 m , 18 Feb 1962 . NIWA 10680 , 1 male ( 2.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C763, 33.967°S , 172.293°E , 73–77 m , 18 Feb 1962 . NIWA 21155 , 2 males (1.7, 4.2 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.6 mm ), 4 females ( 1.3–1.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. F922, 33.983°S , 172.267°E , 117 m , 13 Oct 1968 . NIWA 21285 , 2 males (2.6, 2.9 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E848, 33.983°S , 172.267°E , 117 m , 13 Oct 1968 . NIWA 10877 , 1 female ov. ( 2.4 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E336, 34°S , 172.5°E , 157 m , 12 Apr 1965 . NIWA 10878 , 1 male ( 3.6 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E325, 34°S , 172.333°E , 161 m , 11 Apr 1965 . NIWA 10880 , 1 female ( 3.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E323, 34°S , 172.25°E , 165 m , 11 Apr 1965 . NIWA 21295 , 1 male (4.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. E845, 34.125°S , 172.017°E , 277 m , 16 Mar 1968 . NIWA 73161 , 1 female (3.0 mm), Stn. TAN 1105/35, Three Kings Islands , 34.157–34.159°S , 172.101–172.104°E , 54– 47 m , 26 Mar 2011 . NIWA 73492 , 11 males (2.5–4.0 mm), 2 females (2.0, 2.6 mm ), Stn. TAN 1105/69, Three Kings Islands , 34.184–34.186°S , 172.138–172.142°E , 73–77 m , 30 Mar 2011 . Northland shelf : NIWA 21232 , 2 males (2.3, 3.5 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.3 mm ), NZOI Stn. I 371, 34.193°S , 172.825°E , 118 m , 23 Nov 1977 . NIWA 21241 , 10 specimens ( 1.9–3.5 mm ), NZOI Stn. I 341, 34.245°S , 172.847°E , 89 m , 16 Nov 1977 . NIWA 9798 , 1 male ( 3.8 mm ), Z9069, Spirits Bay , 34.36°S , 172.815°E , 06 May 1998 . NIWA 56996 , 2 males (3.3, 3.4 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /170, 34.378–34.381°S , 173.027–173.031°E , 65– 64 m , 15 Jul 2009 . NIWA 9797 , 1 female ( 4.5 mm ), Stn. Z9093, 34.382°S , 172.762°E , 39 m , 05 May 1998 . NIWA 56739 , 5 males ( 3.9–4.8 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 4.1 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /162 , North Cape , 34.397–34.402°S , 173.102–173.106°E , 119– 116 m , 14 Jul 2009 . NIWA 10124 , 1 female ov. (4.0 mm), 1 female (3.0 mm), NZOI Stn. F933, 34.400°S , 173.172°E , 252– 249 m , 15 Oct 1968 . NIWA 56827 , 11 specimens (not measured), Stn. TAN0906 /164 , North Cape , 34.402–34.397°S , 173.138–173.136°E , 145–149 m , 14 Jul 2009 . NIWA 57085 , 1 male ( 2.8 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.1 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /178, 34.410–34.413°S , 173.161–173.165°E , 203– 169 m , 15 Jul 2009 . NIWA 10879 , 1 male (3.0 mm), NZOI Stn. E283, 34.417°S , 172.583°E , 79 m , 08 Apr 1965 . NHMUK 1917.1.29.111–115, 2 males ( 2.9 mm , 1 broken carapace), 2 females ov. (3.2, 4.0 mm), Terra Nova Stn. 96, 34.417°S , 173.167°E , 128 m , 3 Aug 1911 . NIWA 73391 , 8 males ( 3.3–4.5 mm ), TAN1105 /60 , Cape Reinga , 34.430–34.429°S , 172.35–172.362°E , 83–86 m , 30 Mar 2011 . NIWA 21160 , 16 specimens (not measured), NZOI Stn. F932, 34.44°S , 173.125°E , 113 m , 15 Oct 1968 . NIWA 10905 , 4 males ( 2.9–3.7 mm ), NZOI Stn. E271, 34.5°S , 172.333°E , 134, 07 Apr 1965 . NIWA 56133 , 4 males (3.3–5.0 mm), 1 female ov. ( 3.3 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /134, 34.465–34.469°S , 173.212– 173.215°E , 141– 140 m , 13 Jul 2009 . NIWA 56023 , 2 males (3.8, 4.1 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 4.2 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /130, 34.556–34.558°S , 173.160–173.159°E , 107– 105 m , 12 Jul 2009 . NIWA 56076 , 7 specimens (3.2–5.0 mm), Stn. TAN0906 /132, 34.557–34.559°S , 173.285–173.288°E , 139–141 m , 13 Jul 2009 . NIWA 56096 , 1 female ov. ( 3.5 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /132, 34.557–34.559°S , 173.285–173.288°E , 139–141 m , 13 Jul 2009 . NIWA 55996 , 1 male ( 3.8 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 / 12934.571–34.575°S , 173.204–173.202°E , 115 m , 12 Jul 2009 . NIWA 19440 , 8 specimens (not measured), Stn. Z9740, 34.648°S , 172.220°E , 198 m , 21 Apr 1999 . NIWA 21180 , 17 specimens (not measured), NZOI Stn. E876, 34.650°S , 172.233°E , 216 m , 21 Mar 1968 . NIWA 10675 , 1 male ( 2.6 mm ), NZOI Stn. C758, 34.667°S , 172.242°E , 199 m , 17 Feb 1962 . NIWA 10678 , 1 male (4.0 mm), NZOI Stn. C758, 34.667°S , 172.242°E , 199 m , 17 Feb 1962 . NIWA 55846 , 1 female ov. (3.0 mm), Stn. TAN0906 /114, 34.728–34.728°S , 173.459–173.452°E , 139 m , 10 Jul 2009 . AWMM MA125789 ( ex NIWA 55593 ), 4 males ( 2.9–4.8 mm ), 5 females ov. ( 2.9–4.6 mm ), 1 female ( 4.3 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /93, 34.830–34.831°S , 173.894–173.899°E , 149–151 m , 09 Jul 2009 . NIWA 57421 , 3 males ( 3.3–4.5 mm ), 2 females (2.4, 3.8 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /236, 34.850–34.850°S , 173.905–173.898°E , 134– 132 m , 19 Jul 2009 . NIWA 54897 , 1 female ( 4.1 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /33, 35.208–35.242°S , 174.486–174.483°E , 142– 135 m , 06 Jul 2009 . NIWA 55006 , 1 female ( 3.7 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /42, 35.240–35.242°S , 174.483–174.48°E , 139– 135 m , 06 Jul 2009 . NIWA 54928 , 1 male (broken carapace), Stn. TAN0906 /36, 35.242–35.242°S , 174.483–174.477°E , 128–133 m , 06 Jul 2009 . NIWA 21261 , 1 female (3.0 mm), NZOI Stn. I 15 , 35.409°S , 174.467°E , 50 m , 04 May 1975 . NIWA 21255 , 4 males ( 3.4–3.7 mm ), NZOI Stn. I 19 , 35.420°S , 175.007°E , 270 m , 05 May 1975 . NIWA 54384 , 1 male ( 3.4 mm ), Stn. TAN0906 /2, 35.552–35.547°S , 174.560–174.561°E , 60–61 m , 04 Jul 2009 . NIWA 21253 , 1 male ( 3.2 mm ), NZOI Stn. I 4 , 35.797°S , 175.217°E , 151 m , 02 May 1975 . NIWA 21257 , 3 males ( 2.5–3.9 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 2.8 mm ), NZOI Stn. I 3 , 35.807°S , 175.062°E , 134 m , 02 May 1975 . Hauraki Gulf : NIWA 21154 , 3 males ( 2.4–3.8 mm ), 1 female ( 3.8 mm ) , NZOI Stn. F936, 36.150°S , 174.75°E , 53 m , 17 Oct 1968 . NHMUK 1912 : 11.5.61 –68, 7 males (4.3– 2.1 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.1 mm ), 1 female ( 2.7 mm ), 36.5°S , 175°E (estimated), coll. 1912. Bay of Plenty : NIWA 9241 , 1 female ov. ( 4.5 mm ), Stn. TAN 0413/164, 37.467–37.469°S , 176.915–176.915°E , 225– 210 m , 15 Nov 2004 . NIWA 135614 , 2 females (4.0, 3.8 mm ), Stn. KAH9907 /48 , Bay of Plenty , 37.469– 37.468°S , 177.112–177.110°E , 250–310 m , 05 Jun 1999 . East Cape : NIWA 75340 , 1 male ( 2.1 mm ), 2 females (1.8, 2.7 mm ), Stn . TAN1108 /213, Ranfurly Bank , 37.547– 37.546°S , 178.893–178.888°E , 68–70 m , 30 May 2011 . NIWA 75537 , 2 males (3.8, 4.0 mm), Stn . TAN1108 /249, Ranfurly Bank , 37.646–37.647°S , 178.944–178.949°E , 158–160 m , 01 Jun 2011 . NIWA 75698 , 1 female ( 3.8 mm ), Stn . TAN1108 /277, Ranfurly Bank , 37.460°S , 178.942°E , 154 m , 03 Jun 2011 . NIWA 75213 , 2 males (4.2, 4.5 mm ), Stn . TAN1108 /197, Ariel Bank , 38.759–38.756°S , 178.355–178.364°E , 46– 42 m , 29 May 2011 . NIWA 75073 , 1 female ( 3.5 mm ), Stn . TAN1108 /179, ‘ Cabbage Patch’, 38.968–38.968°S , 178.096–178.092°E , 46– 41 m , 28 May 2011 . Taranaki shelf : NIWA 11048 , 1 male and 1 female (both with broken carapace), NZOI Stn. B664, North Taranaki Bight , 38.030°S , 174.422°E , 75– 75 m , 25 Oct 1962 . NIWA 76633 , 1 male ( 2.7 mm ), Stn. TAN 1105/128, North Taranaki Bight , Coral Canyon , 38.157–38.151°S , 173.790–173.789°E , 258–330 m , 04 Apr 2011 . NIWA 73735 , 1 male ( 5.1 mm ), 1 female ( 2.2 mm ), Stn. TAN 1105/115, North Taranaki Bight , The Drop Off , 38.289–38.291°S , 173.457–173.453°E , 164–189 m , 03 Apr 2011 . NIWA 73837 , 3 males (2.2, 2.5, 2.7 mm ), 2 females (2.6, 2.7 mm ), Stn. TAN 1105/137, North Taranaki Bight , The Well , 38.445–38.437°S , 173.316–173.319°E , 240– 170 m , 05 Apr 2011 . NIWA 21254 , 1 female ( 3.6 mm ), NZOI Stn. E908, 38.633°S , 172.683°E , 256 m , 28 Mar 1968 . NIWA 10100 , 1 female ov. ( 4.1 mm ), NZOI Stn. B660, 38.667°S , 174.200°E , 73–75 m , 24 Oct 1962 . OM IV14562 , 5 males ( 2.1–3.5 mm ), 3 females ( 2.4–4.2 mm ), Wanganui , coll. S.H. Drew. Marlborough Sounds : NIWA 21265 , 1 male ( 4.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. Q91, 40.642°S , 174.017°E , 215 m , 03 Nov 1978 . NIWA 73911 , 4 males (3.5–4.0 mm), 2 females ov. (3.4, 3.5 mm ), 1 female ( 2.5 mm ), Stn. TAN 1105/156, D’Urville Island East, 40.823–40.819°S , 173.945–173.945°E , 32– 22 m , 07 Apr 2011 . NIWA 10126 , 9 specimens (3.0– 4.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C863, 40.955°S , 174.003°E , 39 m , 04 Mar 1962 . NIWA 10679 , 9 specimens (not measured) , NZOI Stn. C863, 40.955°S , 174.003°E , 39 m , 04 Mar 1962 . NIWA 21256 , 1 female ( 3.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. T478, 41.053°S , 174.358°E , 93 m , 07 Dec 1983 . NIWA 21247 , 5 specimens ( 3.6–5.1 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E439, 41.067°S , 174.317°E , 22 m , 22 Oct 1965 . Cook Strait : NIWA 21278 , 1 male (5.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. N 919, 41.540°S , 175.090°E , 80 m , 28 Aug 1977 . OM IV14565 , 1 male ( 3.7 mm ), 2 females ov. (3.8, 4.4 mm ), Cook Strait cable, coll. Captain Gray. Chatham Rise : NIWA 21234 , 5 males (2.7–5.0 mm), 2 females (2.1, 3.4 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C 957, Mernoo Bank , 43.150°S , 175.25°E , 123 m , 07 Mar 1963 . NIWA 21236 , 1 female ( 4.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C 958, Mernoo Bank , 43.183°S , 175.450°E , 119 m , 07 Mar 1963 . NIWA 10898 , 1 female ( 2.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. J 54, Mernoo Bank , 43.208°S , 175.433°E , 102 m , 16 May 1970 . NIWA 10113 , 5 specimens (not measured) , NZOI Stn. D875, 43.417°S , 176.833°E , 113 m , 25 Mar 1969 . NIWA 21168 , 2 females (1.9, 2.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. E108, 43.483°S , 177°E , 95 m , 12 Oct 1964 . NIWA 10133 , 1 female ( 3.1 mm ) , NZOI Stn. D874, 43.5°S , 176.833°W , 60 m , 25 Mar 1969 . NIWA 21170 , 1 male ( 3.8 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E116, 43.5°S , 176.742°E , 77 m , 13 Oct 1964 . NIWA 21174 , 1 female ov. ( 3.5 mm ), 1 female ( 3.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E116, 43.5°S , 176.742°E , 77 m , 13 Oct 1964 . NIWA 21250 , 2 males (3.6, 4.0 mm), 1 female (3.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. E116, 43.5°S , 176.742°W , 77 m , 13 Oct 1964 . NIWA 10114 , 4 specimens (not measured) , NZOI Stn. D873, 43.575°S , 176.633°W , 66 m , 25 Mar 1969 . NIWA 21260 , 2 males (2.2, 2.5 mm ), 2 females (2.5, 3.5 mm ) , NZOI Stn. D883, 43.583°S , 176.667°W , 58 m , 26 Mar 1969 . NIWA 19426 , 1 male ( 2.5 mm ), 3 females ov. (2.8, 3.0, 3.7 mm ) , NZOI Stn. A917, 43.933°S , 179.25°E , 203 m , 15 Sep 1963 . NIWA 21282 , 13 specimens (not measured) , NZOI Stn. A917, 43.933°S , 179.25°W , 203 m , 15 Sep 1963 . NIWA 106422 , 9 specimens ( 3.4–4.5 mm ), Stn. TAN0301 /51, 43.933–43.971°S , 175.375–174.672°W , 232– 208 m , 06 Jan 2003 . NIWA 10896 , 1 male ( 2.6 mm ) , NZOI Stn. A 916, Matheson Bank , 43.975°S , 179.183°W , 274 m , 15 Sep 1963 . NIWA 21166 , 1 male ( 2.4 mm ), 3 females ov. (2.9, 3.0, 3.3 mm ), 1 female ( 2.8 mm ) , NZOI Stn. A 916, Matheson Bank , 43.975°S , 179.183°W , 274 m , 15 Sep 1963 . NIWA 19427 , 3 males (5.2, 6.0, 6.1 mm ), 2 females (3.2, 4.6 mm ) , NZOI Stn. Q16, 43.990°S , 179.260°W , 215 m , 16 Mar 1978 . NIWA 21294 , 1 male ( 4.4 mm ) , NZOI Stn. G327, 44.092°S , 179.100°W , 322 m , 01 Feb 1968 . NIWA 21271 , 1 male ( 2.8 mm ) , NZOI Stn. J 55, Veryan Bank , 44.092°S , 176.200°E , 198 m , 17 May 1970 . NIWA 11623 , 2 males (3.1, 4.3 mm ) , NZOI Stn. D 1, Veryan Bank , 44.300°S , 176.167°E , 141 m , 12 Apr 1963 . NIWA 21235 , 1 male ( 3.7 mm ) , NZOI Stn. C 601, Veryan Bank , 44.300°S , 176.267°E , 144 m , 24 Apr 1961 . NIWA 10107 , 5 specimens (not measured) , NZOI Stn. D 896, 44.333°S , 175.833°W , 106 m , 29 Mar 1969 . Canterbury shelf : NIWA 10673 , 1 male (5.0 mm), NZOI Stn. S 201, 42.943°S , 173.650°E , 340 m , 01 Nov 1979 . NIWA 10087 , 1 male (4.0 mm), 1 female ( 4.3 mm ), NZOI Stn. C 683, 42.468°S , 173.679°E , 88 m , 17 Jun 1961 . NIWA 74055 , 2 males (5.3, 5.8 mm ), 1 female ( 4.3 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /5, Conway Ridge , 42.823 – 42.820°S , 173.571– 173.569°E , 108 m , 12 May 2011 . NIWA 76629 , 1 male ( 5.1 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 5.1 mm ), 1 female ( 4.9 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /39, North Canterbury , 43.056 – 43.003°S , 173.547– 173.544°E , 109 m , 15 May 2011 . NIWA 76630 , 12 specimens (not measured), Stn. TAN1108 /166, North Canterbury , 43.099 – 43.095°S , 173.446– 173.444°E , 79 m , 26 May 2011 . NIWA 74165 , 1 female ( 4.2 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /19, Pegasus Canyon , 43.565 – 43.568°S , 173.557– 173.558°E , 86 m , 13 May 2011 . NIWA 44747 , 2 females ov. (3.3, 2.3 mm ), 1 female ( 2.4 mm ), Stn. KAH 0705/22, Pegasus Bay , South Canterbury Bight , 43.602 – 43.654°S , 173.473– 173.473°E , 88–91 m , 10 May 2007 . NIWA 19393 , 1 male ( 3.9 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 3.3 mm ), NZOI Stn. D 114, 44.200°S , 173.300°E , 84 m , 07 Oct 1963 . NIWA 21248 , 1 female ov. ( 4.2 mm ), NZOI Stn. G660, 44.417°S , 172°E , 63 m , 18 Jan 1970 . NIWA 44748 , 1 male ( 2.8 mm ), Stn. KAH0705 /66, 44.768 – 44.817°S , 171.489– 171.513°E , 50–56 m , 24 May 2007 . Otago shelf : NIWA 21289 , 1 female ov. ( 4.5 mm ), NZOI Stn. G 669, 44.950°S , 171.467°E , 63 m , 19 Jan 1970 . NIWA 10089 , 1 male ( 5.4 mm ), NZOI Stn. B563, 45.307°S , 171.25°E , 71 m , 07 Oct 1962 . NIWA 74253 , 1 male (5.0 mm), 1 female 3.8 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /53, The Haypaddock , 45.338–45.341°S , 171.272–171.270°E , 80 m , 16 May 2011 . NIWA 76626 , 1 male (4.0 mm), 1 female ( 3.5 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /53, The Haypaddock , 45.338– 45.341°S , 171.272–171.270°E , 80 m , 16 May 2011 . NIWA 49392 , 1 male ( 3.3 mm ), Stn. KAH 0905/55, east coast, South Island , 45.555–45.510°S , 171.060–171.084°E , 63–71 m , 25 May 2009 . NIWA 76632 , 1 male ( 3.6 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /148, Cornish Head Canyon , 45.626–45.627°S , 171.059–171.062°E , 230–305 m , 25 May 2011 . NIWA 74453 , 2 males (5.3, 5.4 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 5.2 mm ), 1 female ( 5.3 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /67 , Otago Shelf , 45.890–45.896°S , 170.833–170.834°E , 80–85 m , bryozoan thickets, 17 May 2011 . NIWA 76627 , 3 males (4.8, 5.4, 5.9 mm ), 2 females (3.0, 4.2 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /117 , Otago shelf, 45.899–45.899°S , 171.044–171.050°E , 197–215 m , 23 May 2011 . NIWA 76631 , 1 female ( 3.6 mm ), Stn. TAN1108 /108 , Otago Shelf , 45.921–45.916°S , 170.810–170.813°E , 83–84 m , bryozoan thickets, 23 May 2011 . NIWA 74398 , 40 specimens (not measured), Stn. TAN1108 /66 , Otago Shelf , 45.932–45.933°S , 170.789–170.784 , 75– 71 m , bryozoan thickets, 17 May 2011 . Southland and Stewart Island : NIWA 21165 , 1 female ov. ( 4.7 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E817, 46.225°S , 166.483°E , 235 m , 23 Oct 1967 . NIWA 21259 , 2 males (2.5, 4.2 mm ), 1 female ov. (3.0 mm), 1 female ( 3.4 mm ) , NZOI Stn. E820, 46.583°S , 165.967°E , 220 m , 23 Oct 1967 . NIWA 74538 , 1 male (4.0 mm), Stn. TAN1108 /77, Foveaux Strait , 46.713–46.709°S , 167.989–167.989°E , 42–49 m , 19 May 2011 . NIWA 74640 , 1 male (5.0 mm), Stn. TAN 1108/102, Mason Canyon , Codfish Island , 46.746–46.742°S , 167.428–167.431°E , 142– 141 m , 22 May 2011 . NIWA 74590 , 4 males ( 1.7–4.9 mm ), 4 females ( 2.1–4.2 mm ), Stn. TAN 1108/96, Mason Canyon , Codfish Island , 46.774–46.773°S, 167.461–167.456°E , 160–178 m , 21 May 2011 . OM IV14566 , 1 male ( 2.8 mm ), Paterson Inlet , 8 fathoms ( 15 m ) . The Snares Islands : NIWA 21176 , 1 male (5.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. A 865, 47.333°S , 167.917°E , 106 m , 29 Aug 1963 . NIWA 10903 , 2 female ov. (4.5, 5.0 mm) , NZOI Stn. D 156, 48.025°S , 166.583°E , 81 m , 16 Jan 1964 . NIWA 135615 , 2 males (4.5, 5.4 mm ) , RV Polaris , 48.036°S , 166.598°E , 83 m , 30 Nov 2018 . Campbell Plateau : NIWA 11622 , 1 female ( 2.6 mm ) , NZOI Stn. D 83, 49.883°S , 167.150°E , 150 m , 13 May 1963 . New South Wales , Australia : AM P28808, 1 male ( 2.9 mm ), FRV Kapala Stn. K 79-08-05 , E of Broken Bay , 33.47–33.52°S , 152.07–152.02°E , 366 m , prawn trawl, coll. K. Graham , 18 Jul 1979 . AM P89819, 1 female (3.0 mm), Stn. K78-27-13, NE of Wollongong , 34.35°S , 151.38°E , 439 m , 13 Dec 1978 . AM P20755, 1 male ( 3.9 mm ), E of Bass Point , 34.48–34.58°S , 151.32–151.28°E , 439–458 m , 30 Jun 1975 . AM P89901, 2 males (1.9, 2.1 mm ) , RV Southern Surveyor , Stn. SS 05/94/172, E of Bermagui , 36.377°S , 150.248°E , 123–277 m , 8 Sep 1994 . AM P89914, 1 male ( 2.2 mm ), Stn. SS05/94/155, E of Bermagui , 36.430°S , 150.235°E , 119–122 m , 5 Sep 1994 . AM P103798 , 2 males (2.0, 2.1 mm ), 1 female ( 1.3 mm ), Stn. K 80-07-02 , SE of Tathra Head , 36.75–36.80°S , 150.03–150.05°E , 64 m , trawl, 10 Jun 1980 . AM P89898, 1 male ( 2.3 mm ), Stn. SS05/94/134, E of Merimbula , 36.930°S , 149.968°E , 43–44 m , 3 Sep 1994 . AM P90356, 1 female ov. (badly damaged), Stn. SS05/94/127, E of Disaster Bay , 37.315°S , 149.993°E , 24–30 m , benthic sled, 2 Sep 1994 . Victoria , Australia : AM P89913, 1 female ( 3.1 mm ), Stn. SS 05/94/86, S of Mallacoota , 37.660°S , 149.790°E , 76–85 m , 30 Aug 1994 . AM P90065, 2 males (2.3, 2.7 mm ), 2 females ov. (1.9, 2.3 mm ), Stn. SS05/94/86, S of Mallacoota , 37.660°S , 149.790°E , 76–85 m , 30 Aug 1994 . AM P89922, 1 male ( 2.2 mm ), 1 female ov. ( 2.5 mm ), Stn. SS05/94/98, S of Gabo Island , 37.852’S , 149.845’E , 130–131 m , benthic sled, 31 Aug 1994 . AM P90064, 1 female ( 1.7 mm ), Stn. SS 05/94/76, S of Point Hicks , Bass Strait , 38.032°S , 149.220°E , 119–120 m , 29 Aug 1994 . AM P89907, 1 male ( 3.3 mm ), 1 female ( 2.9 mm ), Stn. SS 05/94/76, S of Point Hicks , Bass Strait , 38.032°S , 149.220°E , 119–120 m , 29 Aug 1994 . AM P89918, 2 males (2.3, 3.3 mm ), Stn. SS 05/94/43, Bass Strait , E of Seal Islands , 38.730°S , 148.261°E , 84–85 m , 26 Aug 1994 . AM P103799 , 1 female ov. ( 2.5 mm ), Stn. SS 05/94/59, Bass Strait , E of Seal Islands , 38.942°S , 148.322°E , 80–85 m , 27 Aug 1994 . South Australia , Australia : SAM C715 , 1 female ( 2.7 mm ), between Beachport and Althorpes, 36°S , 138.5°E , 91–183 m , coll. 1925. SAM C9974 , 1 female ( 3.2 mm ), Stn. DCE_100, du Couedic Canyon , 36.336°S , 136.623°E , 106 m . NHMD-87943, 1 male ( 3.2 mm ), Galathea Stn. 562, Great Australian Bight , 37.017°S , 138.633°E , 60 m , 12 Jun 1951 . SAM C9973 , 1 male ( 1.6 mm ), 1 female ( 1.8 mm ), Stn. BW _100, Bonney Canyon , 37.444°S , 139.539°E , 92 m . Diagnosis. Rostrum lateral margins convex; subapical spines present. Carapace with transverse row of 4 epigastric spines; anterior metagastric ridge continuous, not medially interrupted; hepatic spine present. Thoracic sternite 3 anterior margin biconcave, with obtuse median projection. Abdominal tergite 3 with anterior and posterior transverse ridge. Antennular article 1 with 5 distal spines: first lateral spine reaching anteriorly to about same level as distomesial and dorsal distolateral spines; second lateral spine well-developed but distinctly shorter than distomesial spine, always distinct. Antennal article 1 mesial process distally overreaching peduncle and usually reaching second lateral antennular spine; article 2 with lateral spine distinctly larger than mesial spine; article 3 usually unarmed or with minute mesial spine only. Maxilliped 3 merus with 1 prominent spine on flexor margin. P2–4 dactylus extensor margin without upright spines at bases of movable spines. De s cription. Carapace : Length [0.9]–1.0 × width; transverse ridges with dense short setae, and few scattered, longer iridescent setae. Gastric region with 4 more or less interrupted anterior transverse ridges, posterior ridges short and scale-like: medially interrupted epigastric ridge, with 2 pairs of distinct submedian spines; anterior protogastric ridge uninterrupted, extending laterally to carapace margin; anterior mesogastric ridge interrupted laterally by cervical groove; metagastric ridge nearly always continuous, laterally interrupted by cervical groove, laterally continuing uninterrupted to lateral margin of carapace between third lateral branchial spines. Mid-transverse ridge uninterrupted, preceded by shallow cervical groove, followed by 2 complete, uninterrupted ridges, intervened by 3 interrupted ridges. Lateral margins medially convex, with 7 or 8 spines: 2 spines (anterolateral, hepatic) in front and 5 or 6 spines (3 anterior branchial spines, 2 or 3 posterior branchial spines) behind distinct anterior cervical groove. Anterolateral spine well-developed, reaching or nearly reaching anteriorly to level of lateral orbital spine, size subequal. Hepatic spine small, set slightly dorsomesial from lateral margin. Anterior branchial spines subequal in size. Posterior branchial spines progressively smaller posteriorly, first spine subequal to anterior branchial spines. Rostrum 0.4–0.6 [0.5] × pcl; length-width ratio 1.2–1.9 [1.8]; distance between basal spines around 0.3 × carapace width; dorsal surface slightly concave; lateral margin distinctly convex, with distinct pair of sub-apical spines. Pterygostomian flap with small, sharp anterior spine, otherwise unarmed; entire surface with series of broken and continuous striae. Thoracic sternum : Sternal plastron as wide as or slightly wider than long (length-width ratio [0.8]–0.9), lateral margins divergent posteriorly. Sternite 3 about twice as wide as long; anterior margin ‘scalloped’, biconcave, produced medially and laterally, with concave margins between. Abdomen : Tergites 2 and 3 with anterior and posterior transverse ridges; tergite 4 with anterior ridge only; tergites 5 and 6 smooth, without elevated ridges. Eye : Eye slightly longer than wide, peduncle distally setose, not distinctly expanded proximally, with few short transverse striae on lateral surfaces; cornea not dilated. Antennule : Article 1 with 5 well-developed distal spines, distomesial spine well-developed, slightly over-reach- ing first (lower) distolateral spine; paired distolateral spines present; second (proximal) lateral spine always well developed. Antenna : Article 1 with prominent mesial process, distally overreaching peduncle and usually reaching lateral antennular spine. Article 2 with distinct lateral spine and small but usually distinct mesial distal spines. Article 3 usually unarmed or with very small mesial spine only (as in holotype ). Article 4 unarmed. Maxilliped 3 (Mxp3) : Ischium with pronounced distal spines on flexor and extensor margins; crista dentata with regular row of spines along entire margin. Merus slightly shorter than ischium at midline, with strong distal spines on extensor margins, subequal in size to spine at midlength on flexor margin, otherwise unarmed. Cheliped : Subcylindrical, spiny and with scattered long setae; length 2.3–4.4 × pcl (males), 2.4–3.3 [3.0] (females), generally longer in males and larger females. Ischiomerus 0.8–1.7 [1.2] × pcl, 2.0–3.3 [2.4] × carpus length; with rows of spines, lateral spines strongest. Carpus with rows of spines except for ventral surface, 1 or 2 mesial spines most prominent. Palm 1.0–2.0 [1.2] × carpus length, height-width ratio 1.6–2.8 [1.9], with 4 parallel rows of spines (2 mesial, 1 at about dorsal midline, 1 close to lateral margin, with 1 or 2 spines reaching onto proximal portion of pollex). Dactylus 0.7–1.1 [1.0] × palm length; with 1 distinct proximal spine only; surface with short setiferous striae; distally with row of spines along curved margin; tip excavated. Walking legs (P2–4) : relatively robust, subcylindrical, moderately setose and spinose. Meri successively shorter posteriorly (P2 merus 1.1 × length of P3 merus, P3 merus 1.1 × length of P4 merus). P2 merus 0.6–[0.8] × pcl; length 4–5 × width. P3 merus 1.1 × length of P3 propodus; length about 4 × width. P4 merus 0.9–[1.0] × P4 propodus length; length about 4 × width. Extensor margin of P2 and P3 with regular row of spines, proximally diminishing, with prominent distal spine; P4 extensor margin irregular but unarmed other than distal spine; ventral margins of all legs irregular and with strong distal spine; P4 lateral surface with median row of small spines, absent on P2 and P3. Carpus with 3 or 4 spines on extensor margin on P2–3 (very small in smaller specimens), irregular but unarmed on P4; distal spine prominent on all legs; row of 1–4 spines below extensor margin on lateral surface on all legs; flexor margin unarmed. P2–4 propodus length 5.0 × height; extensor margin usually with 1 proximal spine on P2–3, unarmed on P4; flexor margin with 3–7 slender movable spines in addition to distal pair. Dactyli 0.5–[0.6] × propodus length, ending in incurved, strong, sharp spine; flexor margin with 6–9 movable spines, otherwise unarmed. Eggs : Ovigerous females carried approximately 30– 200 eggs of 0.3–0.4 mm diameter. Size. Male pcl 1.4–6.1 mm , female pcl 1.3–5.3 mm , ovigerous female pcl ≥ 2.3 mm . Colour in life. ( Fig. 15A ). Base colour of body orange-red with distinct white median band along carapace and abdomen. Walking legs banded with darker red transverse bands. Cheliped with some white patches along distal portion of palm and fingers. Eyes pale yellow. ( Based on 3.5 mm ovigerous female, NIWA 56096). Parasites. Four lots included a specimen each with a kentrogonid rhizocephalan externa under the abdomen (NIWA 10124, 10880, 21254 and 135614) and one specimen had a bopyrid in its branchial cavity (NIWA 73492). A female (NIWA 21254) had both a rhizocephalan and a bopyrid parasite. Genetic data. Eight specimens from across the New Zealand distribution were sequenced for the partial COI gene (the holotype NIWA 92587, paratypes and non-types from NIWA 33656, 122226 , 56530, 57421, 108588 and 44747; see Table 1 ). Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin australis meaning southern, highlighting the wide distribution from New Zealand to the Great Australia Bight, South Australia . Distribution. New Zealand continental shelf, from the Snares to the Three King Islands and northwards to Norfolk Island , and westward to southern Australia ( New South Wales to South Australia ); 15– 366 m . The median depth of occurrence is 114 m and this species primarily appears to inhabit depths of < 200 m ( Fig. 3 ). Remarks. Phylladiorhynchus australis n. sp. is one of the most common species of the genus in the region and is characterised by the combination of four epigastric spines, a medially uninterrupted metagastric ridge, a convex lateral margin of the rostrum, a distinct posterior transverse ridge on the third abdominal tergite, the anteriorly scalloped sternite 3, the distinct lateral spine on the basal antennular article, small mesial spine on antennal article 2 and distolaterally unarmed article 3. The new species is morphologically and genetically most similar to P . nui n. sp. , which is also very common around New Zealand . These two species can be difficult to separate morphologically but appear to have largely separate bathymetric ranges with only limited overlap: 15–366 m (usually < 200 m ) versus 46–1266 m (usually> 200 m ) ( Fig. 3 inset). Phylladiorhynchus australis attains a smaller size (pcl 1.4–6.1 mm , mean slightly exceeding 3.0 mm) than P . nui (pcl 2.2–10.7 mm , mean nearly 6.0 mm). Distinguishing characters are discussed below under the account of the latter species. FIGURE 2. Phylladiorhynchus australis n. sp. , holotype female, 3.7 mm (NIWA 92587): A, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view. B, sternal plastron. C, anterior portion of pterygostomian flap, lateral view. D, telson. E, right antennal peduncle, ventral view. F, left cephalic region, showing antennular and antennal peduncles, ventral view. G, right Mxp3, lateral view. H, left cheliped, dorsal view. I, distal portion of right cheliped, dorsal view. J–L, left P2–4, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm. Most of the material examined of P . australis had previously been identified as P . pusillus based on the presence of two pairs of epigastric spines, but P . australis is relatively easily distinguished from P . pusillus s.s. by the combination of a medially unbroken metagastric ridge (broken in P . pusillus .), the biconcave and ‘scalloped’ anterior margin of sternite 3 (convex in P . pusillus .), the transverse posterior ridge on tergite 3 (usually absent in P . pusillus .) and a very small or absent mesial spine on antennal article 3 (small but distinct in P . pusillus ). Interestingly, both species can co-occur (e.g., Stn. TAN0906/130 and SAM Stn. DCE_100). Specimens reported as Galathea pusilla by Chilton (1906) (Channel Islands, Hauraki Gulf) and Chilton (1911) (from 1907 Nova Niven Station 30) are identified here as P . australis on the basis of photographs of the specimens kindly provided by Jonathan Ridden and Cor Vink ( Canterbury Museum, Christchurch). Similarly, Thomson’s (1899) records of G . pusilla (OM IV14562, 14565, 14566, examined here) are referable to P . australis . Of the seven specimens reported by Borradaile (1916) as Galathea pusilla from Terra Nova Stations 90 ( 183 m ) and 96 ( 128 m ) off Northland , only those from Station 96 could be examined and confirmed as P . australis . Both stations lie in close proximity and specimens from Stn. 90 could also belong to P . australis .