Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide Author Chamutiová, Tímea 0000-0002-8439-4582 peter. bitusik @ umb. sk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8439 - 4582 peter.bitusik@umb.sk Author Hamerlík, Ladislav 0000-0002-0803-8981 ladislav. hamerlik @ umb. sk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0803 - 8981 ladislav.hamerlik@umb.sk Author Bitušík, Peter 0000-0003-4375-7727 timea. chamutiova @ umb. sk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4375 - 7727 timea.chamutiova@umb.sk text Zootaxa 2020 2020-07-23 4819 2 216 264 journal article 8924 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2 8e35f5ad-f97e-432a-9005-3da1fd0bb897 1175-5326 4396828 2459A542-6CF2-4545-9E6F-262C68838D99 Limnophyes Eaton / Paralimnophyes Brundin ( Figs 51, 52 ) Head capsule yellow, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna 5-segmented. Premandible with two apical and two inner teeth. Apical mandibular teeth shorter than combined width of 3 ( Limnophyes ) or 4 ( Paralimnophyes ) inner teeth ( Fig. 52A ). Mentum with two median teeth slightly higher than first lateral of 5 lateral teeth. Fourth and fifth laterals obviously smaller and narrower than others. Mentum frequently with pale stripes in the median region Ventromental plates widened and sclerotized posterolaterally into rounded dark pigmented plate projecting below outermost lateral tooth and appearing as additional basal tooth separated by notch ( Fig. 52A ). Remarks: When mandibles are missing from subfossils Paralimnophyes and Limnophyes are indistinguishable. Shape of mentum with two median teeth and 5 pairs of laterals, presence of stripes resembles Eukiefferiella , however widely separated median teeth and presence of dark brown bulge at the end of ventromental plates is distinctive for Limnophyes / Paralimnophyes . Heleniella has a similar pattern of mentum but unlike Limnophyes / Paralimnophyes the fifth lateral tooth is longer than the fourth and there is a U-shaped gap between median teeth. Remains were found in small number of Tatra Mts. lakes. Generally, the occurrence of Limnophyes larvae, like other semi-terrestrial taxa (in the uppermost lakes) may be indicative for water-level fluctuation in these lakes ( Hamerlík et al . 2017 ).