Notes on the Indo-West Pacific shrimp genus Athanopsis Coutière, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae), with the description of a new species associated with echiurans (Annelida, Thalassematidae) Author Anker, Arthur text Zootaxa 2012 3307 48 61 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.215146 d839fd88-c35d-45a1-809c-9ed94c8f2013 1175-5326 215146 Athanopsis gotoi sp. nov. Figs. 5 , 6 , 7 C, D Type material. Holotype : ovigerous female (cl 5.5 mm ), MNHN-IU-2011-2010-4101, Japan , Kagoshima Prefecture, Amami-Oshima Island , Edateku, 28.17'N, 129.13'E, gravel and coral sand flat exposed at extreme low tide, under rocks, with Ochetostoma erythrogrammon , leg. R. Goto, 15 May 2010 . Paratype : ovigerous female (cl 5.7 mm ), CBM-ZC 10620, Japan , Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa Island , Nago, Awa, depth 6 m , under rocks, with echiuran (Ochetostomatinae), leg. Y . Yamada, 16 August 2009 . Additional material examined. 1 female (cl 4.6 mm ), RMNH D49180, Indonesia , Talaud Islands, Beo Island , Snellius Expedition, sta. 29, 14-21 June 1930. Description. Small-sized alpheid shrimp (cl 4.6–5.7 mm ). Carapace glabrous, not setose, markedly domed ( Fig. 5 C). Rostrum well developed, laterally compressed, straight, as long as broad at base, with shallowly concave lateral margins; tip rounded in lateral view, subacute in dorsal view, overreaching mid-length of second article of antennular peduncle; rostral carina absent ( Fig. 5 A, B). Extracorneal teeth relatively small, subtriangular, distally blunt, reaching distinctly beyond anterior margin of cornea ( Fig. 5 A, B). Pterygostomial angle slightly protruding anteriorly, rounded; cardiac notch deep ( Fig. 5 B, C). Pleura of first to fourth abdominal somites rounded posteroventrally; fifth pleuron with blunt posteroventral angle; sixth somite with large articulated triangular flap. Telson widest at proximal third, distally tapering; dorsal surface with two pairs of small spiniform setae, situated at some distance from lateral margin, at about 0.5 and 0.75 telson length, respectively; posterior margin slightly convex, with two pairs of slender spiniform setae at each lateral angle, mesial about three times as long as lateral ( Fig. 5 I, J). Eyes completely concealed in dorsal and lateral views; cornea well pigmented, occupying most of terminal portion of eyestalk ( Fig. 5 A, B). Antennular peduncle stout; stylocerite blunt distally, reaching to 0.7–0.8 length of second article ( Fig. 5 A); ventromesial carina with very strong, anteriorly produced tooth ( Fig. 5 D); second article shorter than wide; lateral flagellum biramous, fused portion composed of three articles; accessory ramus with at least four tufts of aesthetascs ( Fig. 5 B). Antenna with stout basicerite ending in large subacute tooth distoventrally; scaphocerite exceeding end of antennular peduncle, blade ovate, broad; small distolateral tooth exceeding anterior margin of blade; carpocerite about the same length as scaphocerite ( Fig. 5 A, B, E). Mouthparts not dissected, typical for genus in external view. Third maxilliped with coxa bearing subacute lateral plate above mastigobranch; antepenultimate article flattened, somewhat broadened distally; penultimate article more than twice as long as wide proximally; ultimate article narrower than penultimate, tapering distally, furnished with transverse rows of thick serrulate setae, tip with at least two stout spiniform setae ( Fig. 5 F). FIGURE 5. Athanopsis gotoi sp. nov. : holotype, ovigerous female from Amami-Oshima, Japan (MNHN-IU-2010-4101); A, frontal margin of carapace and frontal appendages, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, carapace, lateral view; D, tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral view; E, antennal scaphocerite, dorsal view; F, third maxilliped, lateral view; G, right second pereiopod, lateral view (chela missing); H, chela of left second pereiopod, mesial view; I, third pereiopod, lateral view; J, fourth pereiopod, lateral view; K, fifth pereiopod, lateral view; L, uropod, dorsal view (setae omitted); M, telson, dorsal view. FIGURE 6. Athanopsis gotoi sp. nov. : holotype, ovigerous female from Amami-Oshima, Japan (MNHN-IU-2010-4101); A, major cheliped, mesial view; B, same, lateral view; C, distal major chela, dorsomesial view; D, coxa and ischium of major cheliped, mesial view; E, minor cheliped, lateral view. Chelipeds very asymmetrical in shape and unequal in size; carried folded when not in use ( Fig. 6 ). Major cheliped greatly enlarged, robust; basis with distodorsal spiniform seta; ischium stout, with one distodorsal spiniform seta, mesial side flattened, with one spiniform seta; merus long, slightly inflated, widening distally, ventrally excavated, ventrolateral and ventromesial margins smooth; carpus short, cup-shaped, with broad blunt lobe ventromesially; chela somewhat swollen, subcylindrical; palm depressed on ventrolateral (flexor) surface, distolateral surface smooth; ventromesial surface with about five small tubercles; fingers about 0.4 palm length, somewhat twisted, curved, not gaping, with a few scarce setae or setal tufts, without dense setal brush; cutting edges of pollex and dactylus serrated, with six-seven rounded teeth becoming smaller distally ( Fig. 6 A–D). Minor cheliped significantly smaller than major cheliped; ischium unarmed on distodorsal margin; merus about four times as long as wide, slightly depressed ventrally; carpus vase-shaped, smooth; chela simple, slender, with fingers slightly longer than palm, cutting edges unarmed, with row of stiff setae ( Fig. 6 D, E). Second pereiopod comparatively small, with ischium slightly wider and much shorter than merus, both unarmed; carpus with five articles, first longer than remaining four articles combined, ratio of carpal articles (proximal to distal) about 7: 1: 1: 1: 2; chela simple, longer than most-distal carpal article, with fingers shorter than palm ( Fig. 5 G, H). Third pereiopod relatively slender, with strongly compressed ischium, merus, carpus and propodus; ischium with two spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface and one spiniform seta on distodorsal margin; merus almost four times as long as wide, with small, subacute tooth on distolateral margin, without spiniform setae; carpus more slender than merus, about half-length of merus, with stout spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus with five spiniform setae along ventral margin and three spiniform setae adjacent to dactylar base; dactylus about 0.4 length of propodus, simple, conical, gradually curving distally, dorsal margin faintly notched at about 0.5 and 0.7 dactylar length, furnished with some setae ( Fig. 5 I). Fourth pereiopod similar to third pereiopod, more slen- der; ischium with two spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface, distodorsal margin unarmed; merus about four times as long as wide, wider than merus of third pereiopod; propodus with four spiniform setae; carpus and dactylus as in third pereiopod ( Fig. 5 J). Fifth pereiopod more slender than third or fourth pereiopods; ischium without spiniform seta on ventrolateral surface; merus with small, acute tooth on distolateral margin; carpus with two spiniform setae distoventrally; propodus with at least two small spiniform setae along ventral margin and one pair of spiniform setae adjacent to dactylus; distolateral surface with three rows of thick serrulate setae; dactylus similar to that of third pereiopod ( Fig. 5 K). FIGURE 7. Colour patterns of five species of Athanopsis Coutière, 1897 A, B— A. brevirostris Banner & Banner, 1981 , male (A) and ovigerous female (B) from Nosy-Bé, Madagascar (FLMNH UF Arthropoda 14486, 14487), both in lateral view; C, D— A. gotoi sp. nov. , C, holotype, ovigerous female from Amami-Oshima, Japan (MNHN-IU-2010-4101), sitting on its host, Ochetostoma erythrogrammon Leuckart & Rüppel, 1829 , and dorsolateral view (both in vitro ); D, non-type, ovigerous female from Okinawa (CBM-ZC 10620) on echiuran host ( in situ ); E— A. saurus Anker, 2011 , holotype, male from Lizard Island, Australia (QM W29048), lateral view; F, G— A. rubricinctuta Berggren, 1991 , ovigerous female from Inhaca, Moçambique (probably allotype, RMNH D39853), lateral (F) and dorsal (G) view in aquarium; H— A. australis Banner & Banner, 1982 ; male from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia (NMV), lateral view. Photographs: A, B, E, by the author; C, by R. Goto; D, by Y. Yamada; F, G, by M. Berggren; H, by M. Marmach / Museum Victoria. Male second pleopod unknown; female second pleopod with appendix interna. Uropod with lateral lobe of protopod bearing large, acute lateral tooth and smaller but distinct acute mesial tooth adjacent to lateral tooth; exopod with diaeresis straight, deeply curving mesially; distolateral tooth small, subacute, adjacent distolateral spiniform seta moderately elongate; distomesial margin with row of spiniform setae ( Fig. 5 L). Gill-exopod formula typical for genus (see above); reduced exopod-like lobe present at basis of minor cheliped ( Fig. 6 E). Colour pattern. Carapace almost completely covered with white chromatophores dorsally; first to fifth abdominal somites completely covered with red chromatophores; sixth abdominal somite, telson and uropods white; major cheliped hyaline-white; antennules, antennae, minor cheliped, and second to fifth pereiopods whitish ( Fig. 7 C, D). Etymology. This new species is named after Ryutaro Goto (Kyoto University, Japan ), whose interest in the macrofauna associated with echiurans ( Goto et al. 2011 ; Goto & Kato 2012 ) led to the collection of the holotype . Ecology. The holotype was collected on a sand flat composed of gravel and coral sand exposed at low tide, under large rocks, in the gallery of the echiuran Ochetostoma erythrogrammon Leuckart & Rüppel, 1828 ( Thalassematidae, Ochetostomatinae ) ( Fig. 7 C). The paratype was found under rocks in 6 m deep water, where it was associated with a generally similar-looking echiuran, possibly a species of Ochetostoma ( Fig. 7 D). No detailed ecological notes are available for the Indonesian specimen. Type locality. Southern Japan , Ryukyu Archipelago, Amami-Oshima Island . Distribution. Presently known only from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan , and Talaud Islands, Indonesia (see map in Fig. 8 ). FIGURE 8. Map of the Indo-West Pacific showing all collection localities for seven species of Athanopsis Coutière, 1897 : A. platyrhynchus Coutière, 1897 (Djibouti; Pohnpei record questionable); A. dentipes Miya, 1980 (Japan: Nomo Bay, Sea of Ariake); A. brevirostris Banner & Banner, 1981 (Eritrea: Dahlak Archipelago; Madagascar: Nosy-Bé; Japan: Okinawa); A. australis Banner & Banner, 1982 (Australia: Port Phillip Bay); A. rubricinctuta Berggren, 1991 (Mozambique: Inhaca); A. saurus Anker, 2011 (Australia: Lizard Island); A. gotoi sp. nov. (Japan: Amami-shima, Okinawa; Indonesia: Talaud Islands). Remarks. Athanopsis gotoi sp. nov. is most closely related to A. platyrhynchus , A. brevirostris (see above), and A. saurus (see Anker 2011a ). These four species are characterised by the unarmed meri of the third to fifth pereiopods, as opposed to the other three species of the genus, viz. A. dentipes , A. australis , and A. rubricinctuta , in which the meri of the third to fifth pereiopods are armed with one or more stout spiniform setae. Based on morphological grounds, A. gotoi sp. nov. can be separated from all of them by the dorsally markedly domed carapace; from A. platyrhynchus by the non-gaping, serrated finger cutting edges of the major chela (gaping and armed with a few large teeth in A. platyrhynchus , cf. Fig. 1 D); and from both A. brevirostris and A. saurus by the absence of dense setae on the fingers of the major chela, the distally blunter and much shorter stylocerite (not reaching third article of the antennular peduncle in A. gotoi sp. nov. vs. reaching mid-length of this article in the other two species; see Fig. 2 A; Anker 2011a ), and the more tapering telson (cf. Figs. 2 M, 5M). The colour pattern of A. gotoi sp. nov. appears to be unique within the genus by combining the uniformly red first to fifth abdominal somites with the entirely white carapace, sixth abdominal somite and tail fan ( Fig. 7 C, D). This colour pattern clearly differs from those of A. brevirostris ( Fig. 7 A, B) and A. saurus ( Fig. 7 E), in which a few broad white bands are intercalated into the mostly red abdomen, and from that of A. platyrhynchus , with red transverse bands on the carapace ( Coutière 1899; see above ). The three remaining and more distantly related species, viz. A. rubricinctuta , A. australis , and A. dentipes exhibit even more different colourations ( Fig. 7 F, G, H; colour pattern of A. dentipes similar to that of A. australis , see Miya 1980 ).