Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae) Author Huang, Taifu Author Liu, Zhiwei Author Gong, Xiaoyan Author Wu, Tao Author Liu, Hui Author Deng, Jiaxin Author Zhang, Youxiang Author Peng, Qingzhong Author Zhang, Libiao Author Liu, Zhixiao text Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-25 4560 2 257 272 journal article 27421 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.2 7dae26af-c623-4e61-9e79-c26b964035a7 1175-5326 2627588 E94A06DC-78ED-4CC4-B695-0258A8C72527 Genus Sinospelaeobdella Liu, Huang, and Liu gen. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6C6D1652-EA38-4339-BD79-EA1A017B3AC3 Etymology: The name for the new genus derives from Σινων (Sinon), meaning Chinese / China , σπηλαιoν (spelaeon), cave, or subterranean, βδελλα (bdella), land leech, Sino-spelaeo-bdella = Sinospelaeobdella . Type species: Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis Liu, Huang, and Liu , sp. n. Diagnosis: Medium-sized, body covered with papillae, lacking pigmentation. Three jaws present (trignathous), with tiny indistinct teeth. Five pairs of eyes, with anterior 4 pairs located dorsally on second, third, fourth, fifth annulus, respectively, forming a “V” shaped pattern, fifth pair on eighth annulus, very small in size, equally separated from each other as fourth pair. Gonopores separated by 2 annuli, with male gonopore in somite XII b2/a2 and female gonopore in somite XII b5/b6. One pair of auricular projection in somites XXV~XXVII. Last annulus dorsally with a very large median hemispherical projection; anus located at distal end of projection. Caudal sucker prominent, circular, ventrally with about 78 indistinct friction rays. Remarks: Although originally described as a member of the Haemadipsa, Borda & Siddall (2010) suggested that a new genus should be erected for H. cavatuses on basis a phylogenetic analysis of the family Haemadipsidae ( sensu Borda et al . 2008 ). However, these authors did not make the necessary taxonomic changes for several reasons, including no inclusion of materials of H. cavatuses from the type location. Within Haemadipsidae , the new genus, Haemadipsa and Tritetrabdella share the common morphological feature of having three jaws (trignathous) and can easily distinguished from the duognathous members of the family. The three trignathous genera can be further separated by the number of annuli separating gonopores ( Fig. 2 ), pigment and stripes on surface of body, friction rays, and several other morphological as well as biological characteristics ( Table 3 ). TABLE 3. The intergeneric characteristic comparison of trignathous land leeches of the family Haemadipsidae sensu Borda & Siddall (2010) .

Characteristics	Sinospelaeobdella gen. n.	Tritetrabdella	Haemadipsa
Jaw	3, tiny teeth	3, obvious teeth	3, obvious teeth
Complete somites	5 annuli	4 annuli	5 annuli
Reproductive gonopores interval	2 annuli	3.5–4 annuli	4.5–5 annuli
Body color	achromic	reddish, yellowish, brown and so on	reddish, yellowish, brown and so on
Ventral posterior sucker	vague rays, about 78	obvious rays, under 65	obvious rays, over 65
Spots and stripes	no	Majority have spots and stripes in dorsum	Majority have spots and stripes in body surface
Habitat	cave	forest and humid land	forest and humid land
Animals bloodsucked	bats	amphibians	large and medium mammals

FIGURE 2. Comparison of reproductive gonopore locations between the three trignathous genera of Haemadipsidae sensu Borda & Siddall (2010) , i.e., Haemadipsa ( H. tianmushanensis ) (A), Tritetrabdella ( T. taiwana ) [B (Nakano & Sung 2014)], and Sinospelaeobdella ( S. wulingensis sp. n. ) (C). Known species: Sinospelaeobdella cavatuses ( Yang, Mo & Wang, 2009 ) comb. n. ; and Sinospelaeobdella wulingenesis sp. n. Distribution: China : Yunnan ( Yang et al . 2009 ), Hunan (present study); Laos : Luang Namtha ( Borda & Siddall 2010 ), Vieng Phoukha, Phou Khoun, Vieng Thong ( Steiner 2013 ); Myanmar ( Steiner 2013 ). Photos from online (https://www.flickr.com/photos/alan_cressler/4239947572/in/photostream/[ 1/22/15 , 12:30:21 PM]) suggests that the genus may be also distributed in Malaysia .