The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean) Author Madeira, Patrícia Author Kroh, Andreas Author Cordeiro, Ricardo Author De, António M. Author Martins, Frias Author Ávila, Sérgio P. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-19 4639 1 1 231 journal article 26164 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1 812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12 1175-5326 PMC6910866 31712455 3342161 B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745 Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881 ) Reports for the Azores : Pentagonaster elongatus Perrier, 1885 c— $ Perrier 1885c: 38 ; Goniopecten subtilis Perrier, 1881 — $ Perrier 1885c: 41 ; Paragonaster elongatus ( Perrier, 1885c ) — $ Perrier 1894: 362–363 pl. 21, fig. 3, pl. 24, fig. 4; Verrill 1899: 196 ; Paragonaster subtilis ( Perrier, 1881 ) — $ Perrier 1894: 358–362 pl. 23, fig. 5, pl. 24, fig. 3; $ Koehler 1909: 86–87 , pl. 4, fig. 2; Mortensen 1927a: 79 ; $ Halpern 1972: 374–378 , figs. 5–6; Downey 1973: 57 , pl. 22, figs. A, B; Sibuet 1975: 108 ; Gage et al . 1983: 280; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992: 256–257 , pl. 62, figs. C, D; García-Diez et al . 2005: 47 ; $ Dilman 2008: 140 , 2014: 33 . Type locality: Gulf of Mexico ( 24°33’N , 84°23’W ) . See: Halpern (1972) ; A.M. Clark & Downey (1992) . Occurrence: Atlantic, in the west from off New York, south to the Gulf of Mexico ( Halpern 1972 ), in the east from the Rockall Trough ( Gage et al . 1983 ) to the Gulf of Guinea ( Sibuet 1975 ), including the Azores and Cape Verde archipelagos ( Koehler 1909 ). Depth: 1,058 –4,825 m ( Halpern 1972 ); AZO : 2,954 –4,261 m ( Koehler 1909 , Dilman 2008 ). Habitat: soft substrates (ooze; Gage et al . 1983 ). Larval stage: lecithotrophic ( McEdward & Miner 2001 ). Remarks: Paragonaster subtilis is a highly variably species and was described in the literature under several names (see A.M. Clark & Downey 1992 ). For example, Perrier (1885c , 1894 ) described Paragonaster elongatus (= Pentagonaster elongatus ) based on material collected by Talisman at the same station in the Azores (sta 131, 1883: 38°38’00”N , 25°05’46”W , 2,995 m ) where the same author recorded also P. subtilis . At the time, Perrier remarked that the former might represent just a variety of later species. Halpern (1972) re-examined the type material including that of P. elongatus from the Azores and synonymized the two species.