<document id="41F21203BC04A1D314CFA6D9DA7179A9" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFA7FF8B496BFA95FD6CFD95" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amauris (Amaura) echeria subsp. meruensis Talbot 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="872" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="872" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1533716A7871A1B66D383A6C80E0D765">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5010F98B3DAE9F4D7B21D8A469379E8F">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9F5FCDCE3C736DFBC0AE9600689477B7">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3EE49E377C30EDAE750D35FBAFE2A9C">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F7CCA72121BD321BD976140782B14092">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0B88186FFA7FF84496BFA95FC0AFA3E" box="[367,948,1398,1423]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="872" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA7FF84496BFA95FC0AFA3E" ID-CoL="7J8YZ" authority="Talbot, 1940" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1940" box="[367,948,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amauris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="872" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="echeria" subGenus="Amaura" subSpecies="meruensis">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA7FF84496BFA95FE73FA3E" box="[367,461,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="872">Amauris</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA7FF8449DAFA95FD87FA3E" box="[478,569,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="872">Amaura</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA7FF844A4EFA95FCA6FA3E" box="[586,792,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="872">echeria meruensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA7FF844B25FA95FC0AFA3E" author="Talbot G" box="[801,948,1398,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="872" pagination="319 - 336" refId="ref23808" refString="Talbot G. 1940. Revisional notes on the genus Amauris Hubner (Lep.). T R Entomol Soc Lond. 90: 319 - 336." type="journal article" year="1940">Talbot, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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d 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA7FF8448ABFA48FF0AFA72" box="[175,180,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="872">’</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA7FF8448B1FA48FE36FA72" author="Abrera B" box="[181,392,1451,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="872" refId="ref21924" refString="d ' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">Abrera 1997: 191</bibRefCitation>
(2 figs, of other subspecies). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA7FF844B0AFA48FC4EFA72" author="Kielland J" box="[782,1008,1451,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="872" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 272</bibRefCitation>
(1 fig.). SI: Figure 5e 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA7FF84492FFA2EFE86FA54" box="[299,312,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="872">–</emphasis>
h.
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Forewing length: male 
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38 
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44 mm
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[mean (
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= 11) 
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, SD = 1.634]; female 45.0 mm (1 only).
</paragraph>
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Highland forests and coffee plantations at 
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1400 
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2600 m
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, on Mts Kilimanjaro, 
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, Lolkisale, Kwaraha, Longido, the Oldeani-Ngorongoro highlands and Mbulu forests (
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, p. 74), Arusha and Moshi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA8FF8B4A86FF6DFC8BFF17" author="Carcasson RH" box="[642,821,142,166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" pagination="19 - 36" refId="ref21705" refString="Carcasson RH. 1963. The milkweed butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Danaidae). J E Afr Nat Hist Soc. 24: 19 - 36." type="journal article" year="1963">Carcasson 1963</bibRefCitation>
, p. 26). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA8FF8B4B91FF6DFB9BFF17" author="Talbot G" box="[917,1061,142,166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" pagination="319 - 336" refId="ref23808" refString="Talbot G. 1940. Revisional notes on the genus Amauris Hubner (Lep.). T R Entomol Soc Lond. 90: 319 - 336." type="journal article" year="1940">Talbot (1940</bibRefCitation>
, p. 330) listed numerous specimens collected on Kilimanjaro by Cooper, but all at or below 
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(c. 
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), with one male from Moshi, and form 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4B36FF30FC89FF5A" box="[818,823,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">‘</emphasis>
luxurians 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4B99FF30FC1DFF5A" box="[925,931,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">’</emphasis>
from Doringo Erok, northwest of the mountain, on the 
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border. There are two males from the 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4C28FF15FB8CFEBF" box="[1068,1074,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">‘</emphasis>
slopes 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4C7CFF15FBC3FEBF" box="[1144,1149,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">’</emphasis>
, ex Rogers in OUMNH (who evidently considered it a common species up to about 
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4900FED8FEAFFEE2" box="[260,273,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">–</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA8FF8B4918FEDFFE15FEE5" author="Rogers KSA" box="[284,427,316,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" pagination="489 - 557" refId="ref23304" refString="Rogers KSA. 1908. Some bionomic notes on British East African butterflies (with further notes and descriptions by E. B. Poulton and R. Trimen). T Entomol Soc Lond. 1908: 489 - 557, 4 pls." type="book chapter" year="1908">Rogers 1908</bibRefCitation>
, p. 493, 511). Given these data, and the fact that the species was not encountered by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA8FF8B49B8FEBDFDF6FEC7" author="Liseki SD" box="[444,584,350,374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, who worked in the protected forest from 
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, we list this butterfly as part of the lower slopes fauna 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4B6CFE62FCCBFE28" box="[872,885,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">–</emphasis>
but it must surely have the capacity to enter at least the lower levels of the protected forest. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4C0EFE47FEB2FE6F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA8FF8B4C0EFE47FBDDFE0D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1816" box="[1034,1123,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amauris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amauris</taxonomicName>
e. meruensis
</emphasis>
is endemic to 
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. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA8FF8B4A35FE25FD5CFE6F" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1790" box="[561,738,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amauris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echeria">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA8FF8B4A35FE25FD5CFE6F" box="[561,738,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="873">Amauris echeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which includes 18 recognized subspecies, ranges widely across forested biotopes in Africa, from Bioko to 
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and south to 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA8FF8B49A6FDEFFDCEFD95" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[418,624,524,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="873" refId="ref20969" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson ' s African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p. 274).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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