New species and records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam Author Takaoka, Hiroyuki Author Sofian-Azirun, Mohd Author Ya’Cob, Zubaidah Author Chen, Chee Dhang Author Lau, Koon Weng Author Pham, Hong Thai text Zootaxa 2014 2014-07-18 3838 3 347 366 journal article 5428 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6 95162697-db5d-4e65-ae89-ccf6aa1ac03d 1175-5326 5109825 0AF16883-B1FF-4D75-B874-ED71862A9C72 6. Simulium ( Nevermannia ) aureohirtum Brunetti, 1911 Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti, 1911: 283–288 (male). Simulium ( Nevermannia ) aureohirtum ; Ogata, 1956: 61–62; Ogata, 1966: 129; Crosskey, 1987: 459; Takaoka & Roberts, 1988: 194–195; Takaoka, 2003: 37–45 (female, male, pupa and larva). Simulium ( Eusimulium ) aureohirtum : Puri, 1933:1–7 ; Takaoka, 1979: 382–384 (female, male, pupa and larva). Specimens examined . One male (reared from a pupa and preserved with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon in a vial with 80% ethanol), 13 pupae and 10 mature larvae (all preserved in vials with 80% ethanol), collected from the same irrigation channel as noted under S . ( S .) taythienense sp. nov. Distribution . India , Bhutan , China , Thailand , Guam , Indonesia , Japan , Malaysia , Nepal , Pakistan , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Taiwan , Thailand , Vietnam (new record ). Remarks . This species belongs to the Simulium ruficorne species-group, and is characterized by the unique female and male genitalia, pupal gill with six filaments and larval head capsule with bold head spots. This is the only autogenous species in the Oriental Region, of which the female can develop the first batch of eggs without blood-meals ( Takaoka & Noda 1979 ). The pupae and larvae of this species appear to be highly adapted to relatively high water temperatures, slow flow and even somewhat muddy or contaminated waters, where most other simuliid species cannot survive ( Takaoka 2003 ). These capabilities, together with other factors, may explain why this species is widely distributed in the Oriental Region and extends into the Palearctic and Australasian Region.