Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves Author Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares Author Araujo, Paula Beatriz Author Bichuette, Maria Elina Author Trajano, Eleonora Author Taiti, Stefano text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014 Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2014-09-26 172 2 360 425 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12172 journal article 10.1111/zoj.12172 0024-4082 5314053 246C2229-308B-4A9B-A150-CE1D27D2EBD8 CTENORILLO FERRARAI CAMPOS- FILHO, ARAUJO & TAITI SP. NOV. FIGURES 37–40 Type material Holotype : ♂ , Brazil , Pará , Canaã dos Carajás , FLONA Carajás ( FLONA – National forest ), Gruta N 5S 07, 6°06′20″S , 50°07′09″W , 3–13 May 2005 , leg. R . Andrade and Arnoni ( MZUSP 27547 ). Paratypes : One ♂ , five ♀ , same data as holotype ( MZUSP 24244 , 24245 , 24246 , 24247 , 24248 , 24249 ); one ♀ , Pará , Canaã dos Carajás , Gruta Cris 11, 6°26′29″S 49°40′51″W , 29 June–6 July 2008 , leg. R . Andrade ( MZUSP 24256 ) . Etymology The new species is named after Dr Franco Ferrara, Florence, Italy , for his invaluable contribution to the knowledge of terrestrial isopods. Description Maximum length: ♂ and ♀ , 5 mm . Colour brown. Dorsum covered with large tubercles, arranged as follows ( Fig. 37A,B ): vertex of cephalon with three rows, an anterior row of six tubercles, a middle row of two tubercles, and a posterior row of six tubercles; pereonite 1 with an anterior row of four tubercles, a middle row of 12 tubercles, and a posterior row of eight tubercles; pereonites 2–7 with two rows of six tubercles; pleonites 3–5 with one row of four tubercles; telson with two paramedian tubercles. Dorsal surface with short triangular scale setae ( Fig. 37C ). Pereonites 1–7 with one nodulus lateralis per side inserted on the lateral surface of the second outer tubercle ( Fig. 37A ). Cephalon ( Fig. 37D–F ) with frontal shield slightly protruding above vertex and concave in the middle; eye consisting of 14 ommatidia. Pereonite 1 grooved on lateral margin for about two-thirds of its length, inner lobe of schisma rounded, distinctly extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe ( Fig. 37G ). Pereonites 2–4 with triangular epimera, pereonites 5–7 with quadrangular epimera ( Fig. 37A ). Pereonite 2 with a subtriangular ventral lobe distinctly extending beyond posterior margin of the epimeron ( Fig. 37G ). Pereonites 6 and 7 ( Fig. 37I ) grooved on ventral portion of epimerae. Telson ( Fig. 37H ) hourglass-shaped, proximal part broader than distal part, and straight distal margin. Antennule ( Fig. 37J ) of three articles with six long apical and two subapical aesthetascs. Antenna ( Fig. 37K ) short and stout, slightly surpassing rear margin of cephalon; flagellum with second article about three times as long as the first. Mandibles ( Fig. 38A,B ) with molar penicil consisting of several plumose setae; left mandibles with 2 + 1 and right mandible with 1 + 1 free penicils. Maxillule ( Fig. 38C ) with outer branch bearing 4 + 6 simple teeth; inner branch with two long penicils and a small posterior point. Maxilla ( Fig. 38D ) bilobate, with inner lobe distinctly narrower than outer lobe. Maxilliped ( Fig. 38E ) endite with a subapical large seta overpassing the distal margin, and two triangular setae distally; palp with two setae on the basal article. Pleopods 1–5 with monospiracular respiratory structures ( Fig. 39D–H ). Uropod ( Fig. 38F ) protopod flattened and enlarged on basal part, distal part trapezoidal, with medial margin slightly concave; exopod very short, inserted dorsally near the medial margin of the protopod. Figure 37. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov. , ♂: A, habitus, lateral; B, disposition of dorsal tubercles; C, dorsal scale seta; D, cephalon and pereonites 1 and 2, frontal; E, cephalon, dorsal; F, cephalon, caudal; G, epimera of pereonites 1–4, ventral; H, pereonite 7, pleon, telson and uropods, frontal; I, pereonite 7, pleon, telson, and uropods, ventral; J, antennule; K, antenna. Scale bar: 1 mm. Figure 38. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov. , ♂: A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped; F, uropod. Figure 39. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov. , ♂: A, pereopod 1; B, pereopod 7; C, genital papilla; D, pleopod 1; E, pleopod 2; F, pleopod 3 exopod; G, pleopod 4 exopod; H, pleopod 5 exopod. Figure 40. Distribution map of terrestrial isopods in Brazilian karst areas: 1, Miktoniscus medcofi ; 2, Spelunconiscus castroi sp. nov. ; 3, Xangoniscus aganju sp. nov. ; 4, Leonardoscia hassalli sp. nov. ; 5, Metaprosekia quadriocellata sp. nov. ; 6, Metaprosekia caupe sp. nov. ; 7, Benthana iporangensis ; 8, Benthana taeniata ; 9, Ischioscia amazonica ; 10, Amazoniscus leistikowi sp. nov. ; 11, Amazoniscus eleonorae ; 12, Circoniscus bezzi , 13, Circoniscus buckupi ; 14, Circoniscus carajasensis ; 15, Circoniscus intermedius ; 16, Circoniscus incisus ; 17, Novamundoniscus altamiraensis sp. nov. ; 18, Dubioniscus goeldii ; 19, Dubioniscus marmoratus ; 20, Trichorhina yiara sp. nov. ; 21, Trichorhina curupira sp. nov. ; 22, Trichorhina anhanguera sp. nov. ; 23, Trichorhina guanophila ; 24, Porcellionides pruinosus ; 25, Armadillidium vulgare ; 26, Ctenorillo ferrarai sp. nov. ; 27, Cubaris murina ; 28, Gabunillo aridicola . Abbreviations: AC, Acre; AL, Alagoas; AP, Amapá; AM, Amazonas; BA, Bahia; CE, Ceará; DF, Distrito Federal; ES, Espírito Santo; GO, Goiás; MA, Maranhão; MT, Mato Grosso; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; MG, Minas Gerais; PA, Pará; PR, Paraíba; PR, Paraná; PE, Pernambuco; PI, Piauí; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; RN, Rio Grande do Norte; RS, Rio Grande do Sul; RO, Rondônia; RR, Roraima; SC, Santa Catarina; SP, São Paulo; SE, Sergipe; TO, Tocantins. Male: Pereopod 1 and 7 ( Fig. 39A,B ) with no particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Figure 39C . Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 39D ) exopod small, wider than long, with a triangular distal lobe and strongly concave distal margin; endopod with triangular distal part slightly bent outwards, bearing one row of small setae on the caudal surface near distal margin. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 39E ) exopod triangular, L-shaped, with outer margin strongly concave; endopod longer than exopod. Pleopods 3–5 as in Figure 39F–H . Remarks At present Ctenorillo includes 12 species ( Schmalfuss, 2003 ): Ctenorillo ausseli Dollfus, 1893b ), from the Canary Islands; Ctenorillo bananae ( Van Name, 1920 ) , from Cameroon , Congo, and Angola ; Ctenorillo buddelundi Verhoeff, 1942 , from Uganda and Kenya ; Ctenorillo fagei ( Paulian de Félice, 1941 ) , from Ivory Coast ; Ctenorillo gabunensis ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983 ) , from Gabon ; Ctenorillo guinensis ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983 ) , from Guinea ; Ctenorillo kenyensis Schmölzer, 1974 , from Uganda and Tanzania ; Ctenorillo legai ( Arcangeli, 1941 ) , from Ethiopia ; Ctenorillo parituberculatus ( Taiti & Ferrara, 1987 ) , from Malawi ; Ctenorillo regulus ( Van Name, 1920 ) , from Zaire and Somalia ; Ctenorillo strinatii ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983 ) , from Congo; and Ctenorillo mineri ( Van Name, 1936 ) , from Venezuela and Guyana . The best character to distinguish the species of Ctenorillo is the number and arrangement of dorsal tubercles. In having four tubercles on pleonites 3–5 and two on telson, C. ferrarai sp. nov. resembles C. fagei , C. gabunensis , C. guinensis , and C. mineri , from which it differs in the number and disposition of tubercles on the cephalon and pereon. In particular, it is recognized from the only other Neotropical species, C. mineri , by having 3 + 3 tubercles in the anterior and 3 + 3 tubercles in the posterior row on pereonites 2–7, instead of 5 + 5 tubercles in the anterior and 4 + 1 + 4 in the posterior row, and by the shape of the male pleopod 1 (compare Figure 39D with figure 97A in Vandel, 1952b , for C. mineri ).