Pisachini planthoppers of Vietnam: new records of Pisacha and a new Goniopsarites species from Central Vietnam (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Nogodinidae) Author Constant, Jerome https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-0863 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy & Phylogeny - Entomology, Vautier street 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium jconstant@naturalsciences.be Author Pham, Thai-Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4763-3679 Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue, Vietnam & Graduate School of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam phamthai1976@yahoo.com Author Le, Cuong Viet Canh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-6305 Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue, Vietnam Author Vu, Trung Thanh https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8987-1672 Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Author Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9130-2940 Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Author Tran, Hai Nam https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1557-1666 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam & Department of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam text ZooKeys 2024 2024-03-06 1193 181 194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.114957 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.114957 1313-2970-1193-181 311FA5D6CBA54C738811861D5A27F8FF E1868F688C4451E787BCFCC7E618177E Goniopsarites mientrunganus Constant & Pham sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4A Type material. Holotype ♂, Vietnam • Thừa Thien-Hu ế Province, Bach Ma National Park, near ranger station; 16°08'37"N , 107°49'36"E ; 18 May 2023; alt. 300-600 m; J. Constant & L. Semeraro leg.; VNMN_E000.017.000. Paratypes , Vietnam • 1 ♀; Thừa Thien-Hu ế Province, Bach Ma National Park; 16°13'14"N , 107°53'10"E ; 9 Mar. 2023; by net; V.T. Trung leg.; VNMN_ E000.017.001 • 1 ♂; Thừa Thien-Hu ế Province, Bach Ma National Park, Pheasant trail; 16°13'38"N , 107°51'20"E ; 10-20 May 2023; alt. 500-600 m; J. Constant & L. Semeraro leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Thừa Thien-Hu ế Province, Bach Ma National Park; low altitude; 16°13'05"N , 107°42'27"E ; 17 May 2023; alt. 100-200 m; J. Constant & L. Semeraro leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♀; Thừa Thien-Hu ế Province; Phong Dien District, CCRR; 16°30'27"N , 107°16'05"E ; 23 May 2023; alt. 350-400 m; J. Constant & L. Semeraro leg.; I.G.: 34.640; RBINS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; VNMN_E000.017.002. Diagnosis. The species is very close externally to G. fronticonvexus Meng, Wang & Wang, 2014 and G. tonkinensis Constant & Pham, 2016 but has slightly more elongate tegmina, 2.2 times as long as wide (1.9 times in G. fronticonvexus ; 2.0 times in G. tonkinensis ). These species are better separated by the male genitalia characters as follows. Goniopsarites mientrunganus Constant & Pham, sp. nov. can be separated from the other two species by (1) its large laminate posterior processes of the periandrium ( ppp - Fig. 2D ), which are absent in G. fronticonvexus and much more slender, curved the other way round, in G. tonkinensis ; (2) the posterodorsal process of the gonostyli bulging apically ( G - Fig. 2A ), not bulging in both other species; and (3) the strongly developed basiventral lobe of the proximal half of the anal tube ( An - Fig. 2A ), clearly less developed in both other species. From G. tonkinensis , G. mientrunganus Constant & Pham, sp. nov. also differs in (1) having the maximum width of the anal tube in the basal third ( An - Fig. 2C ), which is in the distal half of the anal tube in G. tonkinensis (the state of this character is not known for G. fronticonvexus ); (2) in having a strongly developed dorsal laminate process along basal half of periandrium ( dlp - Fig. 2D, F, G ). Description. Measurements and ratios : LT: ♂ ( n = 4): 11.3 mm (11. 1-11.7); ♀ ( n = 4): 13.5 (13. 0-14.5). LTg/BTg = 2.2; LW/BW = 1.4; LV/BV = 8.5; LF/BF = 1.4. Head : (Fig. 1A-E ) vertex dark brown, with yellowish median and lateral carinae; concave with lateral margins carinate, and with anterior and posterior margins slightly carinate and rather strongly concave in dorsal view, resulting in a very narrow central portion. Frons varying from variegated brown and yellowish, darker under V-shaped carina, carina yellowish to reddish, to nearly completely black-brown, sometimes with yellowish markings around mid-height of lateral margin; narrow, well-defined, yellowish line above frontoclypeal suture; frons elongate, broader dorsally, concave with median carina on middle of disc and with a strong projection on ventral half marked by strong, V-shaped carina extending ventrad on clypeus; projection rounded in lateral view; lateral margins of frons carinate; frontoclypeal suture grooved and rounded ventrally. Genae largely variegated yellow-brown, dark brown under antennae, with pale yellowish spot along anterior margin. Clypeus yellowish, variegated with black-brown on sides towards apex, and with brown oblique lines on each side; clypeus elongate, narrower and shorter than frons, and showing a strong median carina; roundly convex in lateral view. Labium elongate and narrow, yellow-brown, slightly surpassing posterior coxae. Antennae black with scape ring-shaped; pedicel subglobose. Thorax : (Fig. 1A, C-E ) pronotum variegated yellow-brown, darker in middle portion, rather densely pitted, and with median carina weakly marked; lateral fields of prothorax coloured as pronotum, darker in ventral portion, widening ventrally and with ventral margin rounded. Mesonotum dark brown, with yellowish markings on sides and yellowish spot on scutellum; lateral fields moderately pitted; median carina obsolete; lateral carinae marked with yellowish, fusing anteriorly in a rounded carina parallel to posterior margin of pronotum. Tegulae brown. Figure 1. Goniopsarites mientrunganus Constant & Pham, sp. nov. A-F holotype ♂ A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C habitus, lateral D habitus, perpendicular view of frons E habitus, anterolateral F right hind wing G paratypes ♀♀, posterior margin of sternite VII. Tegmina : (Fig. 1A-C ) elongate, with costal margin broadly rounded on proximal half and rather strongly sinuate on posterior half; brown with large, irregular, black-brown marking on basal half, not extending on clavus; large, pale yellowish marking along costal margin in distal half; clavus with irregular, slightly darker markings on posterior half; hypocostal plate narrow, visible in proximal third; posterior margin obliquely rounded; clavus closed, extending to posterior angle of tegmen. Veins reddish brown, sometimes black in black areas. Hind wings : (Fig. 1F ) brown, darker towards posterocostal angle and with large basicostal yellow-brown area; well developed, with posterior margin trilobed; costal margin sinuate, with coupling apparatus at 2/3 of length. Legs : (Fig. 1A-C ) profemora black-brown, with narrow, pale yellow rings; mesofemora pale yellow, with brown rings; pro- and mesotibiae elongate and slender, with 6 rings alternatively pale yellow and brown, basal one brown, apical one yellow; metafemora yellow, with brown markings; metatibiae rather short, broadening towards apex, pale yellow, infuscate basally, with 2 strong lateral spines near apex. Tarsi brown, darker apically. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 10 / 2 (+7 on underside) / 2. Abdomen : (Fig. 1B ) pale yellowish brown. Terminalia ♂: (Fig. 2 ) pygofer ( Py ) higher than long in lateral view, with anterior and posterior margins moderately sinuate; posterodorsal angles with dorsally developed, subtriangular laminate process, with posterodorsal angle right and rounded. Anal tube ( An ) massive, elongate, with lateral margins in dorsal view, widely rounded in proximal half, then sinuately tapering towards posterior, leaving widely rounded ventral margin visible on sides in distal half; 1.78 times as long in midline, as wide with maximum width at proximal 1/3 in dorsal view; basal half in lateral view with large ventral lobe; strongly curved ventrally at midlength with lateral margins strongly produced ventrally into broad lobe in distal half. Gonostyli ( G ) (Fig. 4A ) elongate in lateral view, rounded apically and with strong process projecting dorsomesad at posterodorsal angle; ventral margin nearly straight and posterior margin weakly sinuate in lateral view; dorsal process slightly twisted internally, bulging in distal portion and with apex with blunt point directed anteromesad. Aedeagus (Fig. 2D-I ) strongly curved in lateral view, with a pair of lateral, elongate, strongly sinuate processes ( lpa ) directed anteriorly, attached posteriorly at 2/3 of length; processes well visible and sinuate in ventral view. Periandrium posteriorly with a pair of large laminate processes ( ppp ), lobe-shaped and developed dorsally into sinuate, elongate, narrowly pointed processes directed mesodorsad; well-developed laminate process ( dlp ) running dorsally in basal half, abruptly terminated at right angle at midlength. Ventral lobe of periandrium ( vlp ) elongate, lanceolate in distal portion in ventral view, with sides rounded. Phallus membranous, large, with pair of curved, sclerotized processes ( spp ) directed cephalodorsad before apex; strongly, angularly projecting posterodorsad; apex narrowing, directed anteriorly, and curved ventrally. Connective ( cv ) with well-developed, elongate tectiductus ( td ) showing complete, broadly rounded dorsal crista. Figure 2. Goniopsarites mientrunganus Constant & Pham, sp. nov., holotype ♂, terminalia A-C pygofer, gonostyli and anal tube A lateral B caudal C dorsal D-I aedeagus, phallobase and connective D left lateral E dorsal F lateroventral G laterodorsal H caudal I ventral. cv = connective; dlp = dorsal laminate process of periandrium; lpa = lateral process of aedeagus; ppp = posterior process of periandrium; spp = sclerotized process of phallus; td = tectiductus; vlp = ventral lobe of periandrium. Note. The female genital structures were checked and found to be similar to those of G. fronticonvexus , as well as to these of G. tonkinensis , and, as it is the case in most nogodinids that we have observed so far, female genitalia do not help with species identification. The indentation in middle of the hind margin of sternum VII is always present but was found to vary in depth between the specimens of G. mientrunganus sp. nov. that we have in hand (Fig. 1G ). Etymology. The species epithet mientrunganus refers to the region where the new species was discovered: Central Vietnam, "Miền Trung" in Vietnamese. Biology. The specimens were found sitting on stems of bushes (Fig. 3A, C, G ) or on tree trunks (Fig. 3E, F ), in subtropical evergreen forest (Fig. 3B, D, H ) at the junction of the Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland rain forests, and Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions, at rather low altitude (150-600 m). Some nymphs (Fig. 3C ) were observed in May 2023 together with adult specimens. Figure 3. Goniopsarites mientrunganus Constant & Pham, sp. nov., in nature and habitat A-C Bach Ma National Park, low altitude, 15 May 2023 A adult on stem B habitat C nymph D-F Bach Ma National Park, Pheasant Trail, 20 May 2023 D habitat E adult on tree trunk F idem, general view G, H Phong Dien District, CCRR, 23 May 2023 G adult on stem H habitat. Distribution. Vietnam, Thua Tinh-Hue Province, Bach Ma National Park, and Phong Dien district, CCRR (Fig. 4A ). Figure 4. Distribution maps A Goniopsarites species in Vietnam B Pisacha yinggensis Meng, Wang & Wang, 2014.