Three novel Ascomycota (Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetales) yeast species derived from the traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage Pulque Author Chai, Chunyue 0000-0003-0284-5560 School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China & Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang 473061, China Author Lu, Dan School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Author Liu, Jinli School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Author Wang, Eentao Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico Author Han, Xuemei Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China Author Hui, Fengli 0000-0001-7928-3055 School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China & Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang 473061, China text MycoKeys 2024 2024-10-09 109 187 206 journal article 304379 10.3897/mycokeys.109.123870 b0d31abf-b13f-426e-ac2b-da57197a8a67 Starmerella elongatum C. Y. Chai & F. L. Hui sp. nov. Fig. 2 A, B Etymology. The specific epithet elongatum refers to the elongate vegetative cells of this yeast. Type. Mexico • State of Mexico , Teotihuacan , in the traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage Pulque , autumn of 2015, F. L. Hui , NYNU 16115 ( holotype CICC 33262 T preserved in a metabolically inactive state, culture ex-type CBS 15224 ) . Description. After 3 days growth in YM broth at 25 ° C, the cells are mostly ellipsoidal to elongate (2.2–3.4 × 3.9–7.3 μm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Budding is multilateral (Fig. 2 A ). Sediment is formed after one month, but no pellicle is observed. After 6 days culture on YM agar at 25 ° C, colonies are white-cream in color, butyrous, smooth, and convex with complete margins. After 2 weeks in Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar at 25 ° C, pseudohyphae are present, but no true hyphae are observed (Fig. 2 B ). Asci or signs of conjugation are not seen on sporulation media. Glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and inulin (weakly) are fermented, while trehalose, galactose, maltose, melibiose, lactose, cellobiose, melezitose, methyl α - D-glucoside, soluble starch, or xylose are not. Glucose, sucrose (weakly), raffinose (weakly), inulin (weakly) and soluble starch (weakly) are assimilated. No growth occurred using as sole carbon source of melibiose, galactose, lactose, L-sorbose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, methanol, ethanol, erythritol, galactitol, myo - inositol, DL-lactate, D-gluconate, xylitol, D-glucuronate, D-glucono- 1, 5 - lactone, L-arabinitol, trehalose, maltose, melezitose, methyl α - D-glucoside, cellobiose, salicin, D-xylose, glycerol, ribitol, mannitol, glucitol, succinate, citrate, D-glucosamine, 2 - keto-D-gluconate, arbutin, or 5 - keto-D-gluconate. With respect to the assimilation of nitrogen compounds, L-lysine (weakly), cadaverine (weakly) and D-tryptophan (weakly) were assimilated, whereas nitrate, nitrite, ethylamine, creatine, creatinine, glucosamine and imidazole were not assimilated. Growth is observed at 30 ° C but not at 35 ° C. Growth is observed in the presence of 10 % NaCl plus 5 % glucose, 1 % acetic acid, and vitamin-free medium, but not in the presence of 0.1 % cycloheximide or 0.01 % cycloheximide. Starch-like compounds are not produced. Urease activity and diazonium blue B reactions are also negative. Morphological characteristics of Starmerella elongatum sp. nov. NYNU 161115 T A budding yeast cells, three days, YM broth, 25 ° C B pseudohyphae grown on CM agar after 14 d at 25 ° C. Kazachstania paragamospora sp. nov. NYNU 161111 T C budding yeast cells in YM broth after 3 d, 25 ° C. Pichia teotihuacanensis sp. nov. NYNU 161119 T D budding yeast cells, three days, YM broth, 25 ° C E simple pseudohyphae and F pseudohyphae grown on CM agar over 14 days at 25 ° C. Scale bars: 10 μm. Additional strains examined. Mexico • Teotihuacan in the State of Mexico ( 19°41'N , 98°50'W ), in the traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage Pulque samples , autumn of 2015, F. L. Hui , NYNU 161124 , and NYNU 161128 . GenBank accession numbers. Holotype CICC 33262 T ( ITS : MF 136069 , D 1 / D 2: MF 136061 ) ; additional strains NYNU 161124 ( ITS : OM 669948 , D 1 / D 2: OM 669942 ) and NYNU 161128 ( ITS : OM 669943 , D 1 / D 2: OM 670017 ) . Note. Starmerella elongatum sp. nov. can be physiologically differentiated from their nearest phylogenetic neighbor, S. stellata ( Krumbholz 1931 ) , on the basis of their ability to grow in the presence of 10 % NaCl plus 5 % glucose, 1 % acetic acid, and vitamin-free medium, and their ability to assimilate inulin, soluble starch, and cadaverine (Table 2 ). Physiological characteristics differentiating three novel species from closely related species.
- Fermentation Assimilation reactions and other characteristics
Species D-Glucose D-Galactose Raffinose Inulin D-Glucose Inulin L-Sorbose Soluble starch Cadaverine D-Galactose L-Arabinose Trehalose L-Arabinitol DL-Lactate Succinate Ethanol Methanol D-Glucosamine Citrate Ethylamine Glucosamine 10 % Nacl / 5 % glucose Acetic acid 1 % Growth in vitamin-free edium Growth at 30 ° C
S. stellata [a] + - + + + w v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
S. elongatum sp. nov. + - + w + - - w w - - - - - - - - - - - - w + + +
K. gamospora [b] + - + - + + - - - - - + - + - + w - - + - + - - +
K. zonata [c] + - + - + + - - + - - - + + - + + - - + - - - + +
K. hellenica [d] + + - + + + - + + + + d + - + - w - - - - - - - -
K. paragamospora sp. nov. + - + + + + - w w - - + w - w - w - - - - - - + +
P. ethanolica [e] s - - - - - - - + - - - - w w + - - - + - - - + +
P. deserticola [f] - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - + - +
P. teotihuacanensis sp. nov. - - - - - w - w - - - - - w w - w + w - w w + + +
[a] Data from Foschino et al. (2004) ; [b, c] Data from Imanishi et al. (2007) ; [d] Data from Nisiotou and Nychas (2008) ; [e] Data from Rybářová et al. (1980) ; [f] Data from Kurtzman et al. (2008) . +, Positive; -, negative; w, weakly positive; s, slow positive; d, delayed positive; v, variable.