Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae) Author Burks, Roger A. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 Author Heraty, John M. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 john.heraty@ucr.edu Author Mottern, Jason Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 & USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012 Author Dominguez, Chrysalyn Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 Author Heacox, Scott Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 text Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2017 2017-04-28 55 139 188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482 1314-2607-55-139 0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621 FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800 575140 Ivieosema confluens Burks sp. n. Figs 38-43 , 44-48 Etymology. Latin noun meaning "a place where rivers meet," referring to the mesosomal surface sculpture. Diagnosis. Recognized from other Orasema and African Ivieosema by the fore wing lacking setae and with a medial longitudinal fold. Distinguished from I. limulus by the smooth face, frons with 2 depressions between eye and antennal scrobe (Fig. 39 ), and the basal gastral tergite with a laterally carinate median longitudinal depression extending the equivalent length of the petiole. Female. Length 2.8 mm. Head and mesosoma dark brown. Scape, pedicel, and anellus light brown, rest of flagellum darker brown. Coxae, trochanters, most of femora and last tarsomere dark brown; femoral apices, tibiae and tarsi pale white yellow with last tarsomere brown. Fore wing venation glossy and brown. Gaster brown. Head (Figs 39-40 ) broadly subtriangular, 1.4 x as broad as long. Face flat and smooth; scrobal depression broad and shallow, extending laterally well beyond toruli and forming a single dorsal frontal depression (Fig. 39 , dfd); lower frons with a vague longitudinal groove; scrobal area with a single medial large pit just below median ocellus; supraclypeal area smooth, clypeus with shallow transverse sculpture, anterior tentorial pits very deep and broad, anteclypeus short laterally and absent medially; scrobal depression shallow and hardly evident; vertex not carinate. Labrum with 4 digits. Maxillary and labial palps absent. Mandibular formula 3:2, mandibles small but falcate. Flagellum 1.0 x head height, 7 funiculars; anellus longer than broad (Fig. 40 , F1 ); F2 1.7 x as long as broad, 1.1 x as long as F3. Mesosoma (Figs 41 - 44 ). Mesoscutal midlobe finely reticulate, lateral lobe mostly coriaceous, notauli very shallow and with vague margins; transscutal articulation represented only by a vague depression medially (Fig. 42 , tsa). Axilla anteriorly reticulate, posteriorly longitudinally striate; mesoscutellum and axillula finely longitudinally striate; frenal line as a smooth raised strip. Metascutellum protruding, not separated from rest of metanotum. Mesepisternum reticulate dorsally, smooth ventrally, forming a short rounded horizontal area anterior to mesocoxae; mesepimeron reticulate, without transepimeral sulcus. Propodeum finely reticulate, callus bare and smooth to shallowly reticulate. Metacoxa smooth. Fore wing 2.3 x as long as broad; slightly infuscate along cubital fold and posterior to marginal and submarginal veins, and between the oblique folds in the speculum; venation with only a few tiny setae, including on submarginal vein; costal cell bare; basal cell bare; speculum present, with two oblique folds (Fig. 44 , fold) that converge towards stigma and basal fold; marginal vein very thick basally and narrowing apically, not separate from wing margin at base of stigmal vein; stigmal vein 4.5 x as long as broad, without an uncus; postmarginal vein absent; cubital and subcubital folds bare; marginal fringe absent. Hind wing costal cell bare. Metasoma (Fig. 45 ). Petiole 1.7 x as long as broad, 0.9 x as long as metacoxa, longitudinally shallowly rugose-reticulate. Gt1 with a deep longitudinal median depression with carinate lateral margins equal to length of petiole; shallower smooth depression present on Gt2. Antecostal sulcus of Gs1 smooth, very shallow medially; acrosternite swollen and with shallow irregular sculpture; posterior Gs1 smooth to finely punctate. Cercus with all setae subequal in length. Hypopygium with a few small subapical setae laterally. Ovipositor dorsal valve with 9 annuli, including a basal annulus that is broadly separated from the rest; ventral valve with 5-6 lateral teeth and with transverse carina basal to toothed apex. Male (Figs 46-48 ). Length 2.5 mm. Antennal flagellum densely covered with long decumbent setae, with only a few longitudinal sensilla extending beyond funicular apices; F7 shorter than F6 and F8; entire antenna brown. Petiole 1.3 x as long as broad, 2.5 x as long as metacoxa. Gaster with broad, striate longitudinal depression on Gt1. Digitus with 6 spines; parameres present. Holotype. Madagascar: Toliara Prov. : 18 km NNW Betroke, 825m, 23°09'48"S , 45°58'07"E , 24.x-4.xii.1994, M.A.Ivie & D.A.Pollock, FIT [1♂, UNMO: UCRCENT00435300], deposited in TMP. Paratype: Madagascar: Toliara Prov. : Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 120m, 24°02'55"S , 43°45'08"E , 24-29.x.2008, M. Irwin & R. Harin'Hala , transitional forest, Malaise trap [1♀, CASC: CASENT2022276].