Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males Author Portman, Zachary M. Author Neff, John L. Author Griswold, Terry text Zootaxa 2016 4214 1 1 97 journal article 37279 10.11646/zootaxa.4214.1.1 49582659-158e-463e-9f56-6bf6ae3d634b 1175-5326 253086 9FAD41E4-36F3-4AE0-B626-6A372E894A59 Perdita hippolyta Portman & Griswold , sp. n. Figs. 15 C, 16C, 17D, 18C–D, 23F, 24G, 34, 36A, 56F, 58K–L Perdita ( Macroterella ) pilonotata Timberlake, 1980 : 6 , ♂ only (not ♀ holotype). Perdita ( Heteroperdita ) pilonotata ( ♂ only); Danforth 1996 : 691 (change of subgenus). Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. hippolyta have the metasoma orange-amber ( Figs. 15 C, 16C). Females generally have prominent tan face marks ( Fig. 18 C), but these can be entirely darkened in some specimens ( Fig. 18 D). The female can be recognized by the following combination of characters: face longer than broad, second medial cell present, and paraocular lobe generally lightened. The female is quite similar to P. pilonotata ; see diagnosis of P. pilonotata for additional information. The male of P. hippolyta can be recognized by the following combination of characters: head quadrate ( Fig. 17 D), metasoma broader than mesosoma, face metallic greenish-bronze with tan face marks on clypeus and especially on paraocular lobes, and mandibles distinctly narrowed subapically. Description of female. Length: 3.2 mm . Forewing length: 1.8 mm . Coloration. Head ( Figs. 18 C–D) and mesosoma base color black with greenish-bronze metallic luster; clypeus ranging from entirely dark brown ( Fig. 18 D) to entirely tan ( Fig. 18 C); supraclypeal mark tan, transverse, often absent; paraocular area generally dark except for tan spot on paraocular lobe; mandible tan, tip reddish; labrum ranging from dark brown to tan; scape tan, often marked with brown medially; antenna brown dorsally, tan ventrally; pronotal collar dark brown, generally with metallic tints; pronotal lobe with small tan spot, sometimes entirely dark; propodeum sometimes lightened to tan or brown laterally on anterior margin; legs dark brown except more or less lightened to tan on anterior face of fore tibia, joints, and all distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma orange-amber ( Fig. 16 C), sometimes darkened on apical segments; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate brown, margins dark. Structure and vestiture. Head slightly longer than broad ( Figs. 18 C–D); lateral areas covered in dense recumbent white pubescence, sparse pubescence encircling eyes, vertex with sparse erect pubescence; eyes parallel; facial fovea parallel to eye, linear, extending from level of top of antennal socket halfway to apex of eye, lower parts generally obscured by pubescence; mandible with very small sharp preapical tooth (often worn); labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral extension completely folded over; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and anterior margin of venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell present; metasoma suboval, narrow basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 16 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea short, linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate narrowly triangular, apex bluntly pointed ( Fig. 24 F); hairs of prepygidial fimbria thickened, sparse. Description of male. Length: 2.4 mm . Forewing length: 1.6 mm . FIGURE 34. Perdita hippolyta (A) female lateral habitus (paratype, BBSL844647; Culberson Co., TX), (B) male lateral habitus (holotype, BBSL844675; Culberson Co., TX). Scale bars = 1 mm. Coloration. Head ( Fig. 17 D) and mesosoma base color black with greenish metallic luster; clypeus brownishtan; supraclypeal mark tan, transverse, small; paraocular area brown, transverse, lightened to yellow-tan only on paraocular lobe; subantennal area often lightened to tan; mandible tan, tip reddish; labrum tan; scape tan except dark brown medially; antenna dark brown, tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown with slight metallic tints generally with very faint and small tan transverse marks on dorso-posterior margin; pronotal lobe tan or light brown; propodeum lightened to tan or brown laterally on anterior margin; legs dark brown except tan on anterior fore tibia, joints of tibiae and femora, distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma uniformly orange-amber ( Fig. 15 C); T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate amber. Structure and vestiture. Head quadrate, broader than long ( Fig. 17 D); face with appressed white pubescence encircling antennal base; eyes parallel or slightly diverging below; mandible simple, expanded medially, constricted and bent subapically ( Fig. 17 D), extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, moderately convex, apically protruding less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension completely folded over; head with fine, sparse, pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, very short thickened hairs; metasoma broader than mesosoma, oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 15 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, 1/4 length of T2; pygidial plate broadly triangular, apex broadly rounded ( Fig. 23 F); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse. Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 56 G) with spiculum triangular, lateral apodemes prominent, slightly curved towards; apical portion slightly convex, longer than broad, sides roughly parallel below, diverging slightly before strongly converging towards apex; apex narrow, strongly folded over dorsally, folded over portion broadly emarginate medially with two lateral points; short hairs ventrally; cuticle apparently lacking thinned area. Genital capsule as in Figs. 58 K–L. Gonostyli separated dorsally by broad V-shape; dorsal lobe of gonostylus not differentiated; ventral lobe of gonostylus small with few minute hairs on apex, extending below cuspis and well below level of penis valve; volsella short, not reaching level of apex of penis valve; cuspis relatively large, gradually curving dorsally with spicules on dorsal margin of apex; digitus short, near gonostylus, lacking spicules; penis valve long, extending well beyond rest of genitalia, gradually diverging apically and curving ventrally, apex slightly expanded, approaching club-shaped; endophallus not reaching level of apex of penis valve. Floral records. Boraginaceae (35 ♂ 62 ♀): Tiquilia canescens 6 ♂ 24 ♀, T. hispidissima 17 ♂ 7 ♀, T. sp. 12 ♂ 31 ♀. Phenology. Active from May to September. Distribution. Chihuahuan Desert ( Fig. 36 A), USA (and likely Mexico ). Type material. Holotype data: ♂ , TEXAS : Culberson Co. : Linda Lake Salt Basin , Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996): 22 Aug 2010 , T.L. Griswold , Tiquilia sp. ( BBSL , accession no. BBSL 844675 ) . Paratype data: ( 35 ♂ 27 ♀ ) NEW MEXICO : Eddy Co. : Longview Spring , 0.7km E (32.1007 -104.6137): 1 ♀ , 9 Jun 2010 , J.D. Herndon , A. Druk ; Main Cave Entrance , 1.9km SSW (32.16147 -104.4494): 1 ♂ 1 ♀ , 27 May 2010 , J.D. Herndon , A. Druk ; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 1 ♂ , 19 Jul 2010 , J.D. Herndon , H. Ikerd ; Seven Rivers , 3 km S (32.5791 -104.4331): 4 ♂ 8 ♀ , 16 May 1989 , T.L. Griswold , Tiquilia canescens ; Upper Lowe Springs (32.1669 -104.50281): 1 ♂ , 18 May 2010 , A. Druk , J.D. Herndon , T.L. Griswold ; 1 ♂, 27 Jul 2010 , J.D. Herndon; Otero Co. : White Sands National Monument ; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr ; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 -106.2405): 1 ♂ , 2–7 Aug 2010 , K. Wright ( MSBA ) . TEXAS : Culberson Co. : Linda Lake Salt Basin , Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996): 9 ♂ 10 ♀ , 22 Aug 2010 , T.L. Griswold , T. sp. ( 1 ♂ 1 ♀ at UCRC ) ; Pine Spring , 11 mi NW (31.935 -104.723): 1 ♂ , 12 Jun 2004 , J.L. Neff , T. hispidissima ( CTMI ) ; Hudspeth Co. : Salt Flat , 1.5 mi E (31.748 -105.051): 13 ♂ 7 ♀ , 14 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff , A. Hook , T. hispidissima ( 1 ♂ 1 ♀ at each of AMNH , CAS , SEMC , TAMU , USNM ; 8 ♂ 2 ♀ at CTMI ) ; Winkler Co. : Kermit , 13 mi S (31.665 -103.016): 3 ♂ , 15 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff , A. Hook , T. hispidissima ( CTMI ) . Additional material examined. Total specimens: 10 ♂ 41 ♀ . NEW MEXICO : Eddy Co. : Cottonwood Springs (32.09573 -104.46763): 1 ♂ , 10 Jun 2010 , J.D. Herndon , A. Druk ; Lowe Ranch (32.1744 -104.4989): 1 ♂ , 27 Jul 2010 , J.D. Herndon ; Main Cave Entrance , 1.9km SSW (32.16147 -104.4494): 1 ♀ , 27 May 2010 , J.D. Herndon , A. Druk ; 1 ♂, 8 Jul 2010 , A. Druk, J.D. Herndon; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 1 ♂, 19 Jul 2010 , J.D. Herndon, H. Ikerd; Seven Rivers, 3 km S (32.5791 -104.4331): 2 ♂ 16 ♀, 16 May 1989 , T.L. Griswold, Tiquilia canescens ; 1 ♀, 16 May 1989 , T.L. Griswold, T. sp.; 1 ♀, 3 Sep 1990 , T.L. Griswold, T. sp.; Upper Lowe Springs (32.1669 -104.50281): 1 ♀ , 8 Sep 2011 , J.D. Herndon ; Otero Co. : White Sands National Monument ; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr ; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 - 106.2405): 2 ♀ , 2–7 Aug 2010 , K. Wright ; Valencia Co. : Correo (34.95805 -107.17111): 1 ♂ , 15 Jun 1956 , collector unknown. TEXAS : Culberson Co. : Linda Lake Salt Basin , Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 - 105.08996): 2 ♂ 19 ♀ , 22 Aug 2010 , T.L. Griswold , T. sp. ; Hudspeth Co. : Indio Mountains Research Station , 25 km S Van Horn (30.77699 -105.01623): 1 ♂ , 25 Aug 1992 , W.P. Mackay. Etymology. The name comes from the character in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream . Treat as a noun in apposition. Remarks. In his original description of P. pilonotata , Timberlake incorrectly associated the sexes. The name of P. pilonotata is retained by the female, while what was incorrectly ascribed as the male is here described as P. hippolyta .