Zalmoxidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) of the Paleotropics: a catalogue of Southeast Asian and Indo-Pacific species
Author
Sharma, Prashant P.
Author
Kury, Adriano B.
Author
Giribet, Gonzalo
text
Zootaxa
2011
2972
37
58
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.206628
edfa19b9-1107-4839-a098-e25b9f814bf1
1175-5326
206628
Genus
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
, p. 64;
Thorell, 1891
, p. 82–83;
Roewer, 1912
, p. 126–127;
Müller, 1917
, p. 253–254;
Roewer, 1923
, p. 85;
Goodnight & Goodnight, 1957
, p. 81;
Suzuki, 1977
, p. 12; Staręga, 1989, p. 4.
Chondrobunus
Loman
, 1902
, p. 207 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Roewer (1912)
;
type
species:
Chondrobunus granulatus
Loman
, 1902
, by monotypy].
Euzalmoxis
Roewer, 1915
, p. 15 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Euzalmoxis neoguinensis
Roewer, 1915
, by monotypy].
Hoplozalmoxis
Roewer, 1915
, p. 18 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Hoplozalmoxis pallida
Roewer, 1915
, by monotypy].
Acrozalmoxis
Roewer, 1915
, p. 16 [
type
species:
Acrozalmoxis neoguinensis
Roewer, 1915
, by monotypy].
New synonymy
.
Parazalmoxida
Roewer, 1917
, p. 93 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Parazalmoxida solitaria
Roewer, 1917
, by monotypy].
Gjellerupia
[partim.]:
Roewer, 1915
, 109 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Gjellerupia neoguinensis
Roewer, 1913
, by monotypy].
Zalmoxilla
Roewer, 1926
, p. 546 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Zalmoxilla mitobatipes
Roewer, 1926
, by monotypy].
Zalmoxana
Roewer, 1927
, p. 294 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Zalmoxana dammermani
Roewer, 1927
, by monotypy].
Metagjellerujia
Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947
, p. 328 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Metagjellerujia jewetti
Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947
, by original designation].
Foella
Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948
, p. 1 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species
Foella remingtoni
Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948
, by original designation].
Camanastus
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 20. [
type
species:
Camanastus insularis
Roewer, 1949
, by original designation.]
New synonymy
.
Zalmoxomma
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 25 [
type
species:
Zalmoxomma occidentalis
Roewer, 1949
, by original designation]; Staręga, 1989, p. 4; 1992, 295.
New synonymy
.
Papuastus
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 26; Staręga, 1989, p. 4 [
type
species:
Papuastus maculosus
Roewer, 1949
, by original designation].
New synonymy.
Pygozalmoxis
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 28 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Zalmoxis neocaledonica
Roewer, 1912
, by original designation].
Gagirius
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 28 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Gagirius neoguinensis
Roewer, 1949
, by original designation].
Sepikusta
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 29 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Sepikusta armata
Roewer, 1949a
, by original designation].
Linabia
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 29 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Zalmoxis armatipes
Strand, 1910
, by original designation].
Gjellerupiola
[partim.]
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 29 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Gjellerupiola minima
Roewer, 1949
, by monotypy].
Papuodes
Roewer, 1949a
, p. 29 [junior subjective synonym of
Zalmoxis
Sørensen, 1886
by
Goodnight & Goodnight (1957)
;
type
species:
Papuodes convexus
Roewer, 1949a
, by original designation].
Savoa
Forster, 1949
, p. 144 [
type
species:
Savoa bonka
Forster, 1949
, by original designation].
New synonymy
.
Zalmoxista
[partim.]:
Roewer, 1949b
, p. 143–144 [
type
species:
Zalmoxis australis
Sørensen, 1886
, by original designation]. New synonymy.
Type
species.
Zalmoxis robustus
Sørensen, 1886
, by subsequent designation:
Roewer (1949a: 20)
.
Gender.
Masculine (see remarks). All specific names are accordingly emended. The names
bonka
,
insula
,
lavacaverna
and
spinicoxa
are unaltered because they are nouns in apposition.
Diagnosis.
Ocularium wider than long, unarmed or tuberculate. First scutal area large, without a dividing transversal furrow. Transverse sulci distinct; first orthogonal to longitudinal axis, others angular and anteriorly concave ("V"-shaped), with exceptions. Free tergites and anal plate variably armed with spines or tubercles. Spiracles typically visible. Coxae IV larger than coxae III. Pedipalpal segments robust and spined. Tarsal formula 3, 5–9, 5, 6. Distitarsus I with two articles, distitarsus II with three articles.
Male
genitalia comprising a stragulum overlying the stylus. Lamina ventralis divided into distal rutrum and basal pergula, both variably bearing setae; stragulum articulated to truncus like a jackknife. Sexual dimorphism typical, but variable; male leg IV usually arcuate and with stouter spines, especially on femur IV, tibia IV and/or opisthosomal segments.
Remarks.
Sørensen (1886)
described the genus
Zalmoxis
to include two new species.
Z. robusta
Sørensen, 1886
and
Z. pygmaea
Sørensen, 1886
. He did not choose a
type
species, which was acceptable before 1931, and treated the genus as feminine. Subsequently,
Hirst (1912)
described
Zalmoxis austerus
, treating the genus as masculine;
Roewer (1912)
treated
Zalmoxis
as feminine. The origin of the name is the Greek Ζάλμοξιϛ, a Thracian male divinity. ICZN article 30.1.2. states that "a genus-group name that is or ends in a Greek word transliterated into Latin without other changes takes the gender given for that word in standard Greek dictionaries". Therefore, in spite of the feminine form assumed by Sørensen, the correct gender should be masculine, and we follow this hereafter.