New national and state records of Neotropical Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Author Asiain, Julieta Author Márquez, Juan Author Irmler, Urlich text Zootaxa 2015 3974 1 journal volume 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.1.5 7c8bb9d8-a709-4dad-9232-75444bc0743b 1175-5326 238931 B93092F1-BA4F-4503-BD03-C70EAA6BC872 Staphylinina 16. Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) . New state record to Aguascalientes. New state record: “Aguascalientes, Calvillo, 20-10-84 ” (1, CZUAA). “Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 10-09-85 ” (1, CZUAA). “Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 12-10-84 ” (1, CZUAA). Same data as previous except: “ 5-XII-84 ” (1, CZUAA). Same data as previous except: “ 21-Sept-06 , equipo 3” (1, CZUAA). “Estación Biológica Agua Zarca, San José de Gracia, en cadáver de cerdo, 24-IX-2008 , equipo 1” (1, CZUAA). “Primavera (perro), 9-Abril-2009 , m-8” (1, CZUAA). Same data as previous except: “ 7-abril-2009 , muestra 6” (4, CZUAA). Same data as previous except: “ 6-abril-2009 , M-5” (1, CZUAA). Same data as previous except: “ 8-abr- 2009 , muestra 7” (3, CZUAA). “Aguascalientes, Ags.” (1, CZUAA). “Aguascalientes, 12-X-84 , J. L. Villalobos 2049” (1, CZUAA). “Pastizal al N de C.U., cadáver, 20-09-06 , S. Acero” (2, CZUAA). “ 5-octubre-2008 , OH otoño (3, CZUAA). “ 30-sept-2008 , OH día 8” (2, CZUAA).Same data as previous except: “ 2-oct-2008 , día 10” (2, CZUAA).“Otoño, 29-sept-2008 , día 7” (1, CZUAA).Same data as previous except: “ 4-oct-2008 , día 12” (1, CZUAA). “ 6-octubre-2008 , OH otoño” (1, CZUAA). “Otoño, 4-oct-2008 , día 12” (1, CZUAA). “Estación Biológica Agua Zarca, cadáver de cerdo, 22-sept-2008 , equipo 4” (2, CZUAA). “Estación Biológica Agua Zarca, 11-sept-08 , J. Escoto Rocha col.” (2, CZUAA). Previous records. México : Baja California Norte (Coronado del Medio, Colorado Island, El Rosario, Ensenada, Estero Beach, Guadalupe Island, Pine Ridge), Baja California Sur (Loreto: Las Parras, Las Ánimas, Sierra de la Laguna), Chiapas (Chiapa de Corzo, Tuxtla Gutiérrez: Río Grijalva), Chihuahua (Chihuahua: Primavera, Matamoros: Cuevas, Ocampo: Pinos Altos), Coahuila (Arteaga: San Antonio de las Alazanas, Saltillo: east Saltillo, Monclova,), Colima (Colima), Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México , Coyoacán: Pedregal de San Ángel, Delegación Tlalpan, Panteón Dolores, San Jerónimo, Tacubaya, Xochimilco),Durango (Durango, El Salto, La Ciudad, Revolcaderos, Santa María del Oro, Sierra de Durango, Tapias, Villa Corona), Estado de México (Atlautla, Ecatepec, Las Delicias, Polotitlán, Tenango del Valle: Tenango de Arista, Toluca),Guanajuato (Guanajuato, León), Hidalgo (Huasca, Mineral del Chico, Pachuca, Pedro María Anaya, Presa Enghó, Singuilican: Lagunilla, Tepetitlán, Zimapán), Jalisco (Guadalajara: 11 mi N, Jalostotitlán, Zapopan), Michoacán (Paracho de Verduzco, Tancítaro), Morelos (Amayuca, Chalchihuapan, Cuernavaca: Clalchihuapan, Jantetelco: Amayuca, Tlayacapan: San José de los Laureles), Nayarit (El Nayar: Jesús María), Nuevo León (Galeana: cerro Potosí), Oaxaca (Huajuapan de León, Juquila, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec), Puebla (Puebla, Zapotitlán de las Salinas), Querétaro (Querétaro: 7 mi N, San Juan del Río), San Luis Potosí (Guadalcázar road, Río Micos, San Luis Potosí), Sonora (Hermosillo, Pilequito, Rancho Lobos), Veracruz (Catemaco: Las Cabañas Monte Pío, Córdoba, Xalapa) and Zacatecas (Fresnillo, Laguna Balderama). Canada ; USA ; Guatemala ; Honduras ; Galapagos Islans; Antillas; Perú ; Chile (introduced); Argentina (introduced); Palearctic region ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2000 ; Navarrete- Heredia et al. 2002; Márquez & Asiain 2006 ; Asenjo 2007 ; Jiménez-Sánchez et al . 2013 ; GBIF 2013). 17. Platydracus apicipennis ( Sharp, 1884 ) . New state record to Aguascalientes ( Fig. 2 a). New state record: “ México : Aguascalientes, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 16 de marzo de 2013, S. G. Martínez Villalpando” (1, CZUAA). Previous records. México : Jalisco (Guadalajara: sector Hidalgo, Jocotepec, Puerto Vallarta, Tuxpan: Atenquique, Zapopan: Fracc. Laureles and Las Tortugas ), Morelos (Coatlán del Río, Cuautla, Cuernavaca, Tlaltizapán: Santa Rosa, Tlayacapan: Santa Catarina, Yautepec), Nayarit (San Blas, Santiago Ixcuintla), Puebla (Izúcar de Matamoros) and Veracruz (Mecatlán: Playa Vicente); Guatemala ; Nicaragua ; Panamá (Bugaba) and Costa Rica ( Sharp 1884 ; Newton 1973 ; Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2000 ; Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2002 ; Márquez & Asiain 2006 ). 18. Platydracus fulvomaculatus (Nordmann, 1837) . New state record to Aguascalientes ( Fig. 5 b). New state record: “Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, J. Salazar López” (1, CZUAA). Previous records. México : Chiapas (Chicoasén: Chicoasén), Chihuahua (Guazapares: Témoris), Durango (El Durazno, Durango, Nombre de Dios, Sierra de Durango, Villa Corona), Guanajuato (Guanajuato), Guerrero (Chilpancingo: Agua de Obispo, Eduardo Neri: Mexcala), Hidalgo (Atotonilco: 3 km N de Montecillos, Cardonal: grutas de Tolantongo, Chapulhuacán, Jacala: camino a Plomosas), Jalisco (Autlán: Autlán, Cabo corrientes: El Refugio, Chapala: Ajijic, Guadalajara, Jocotepec: San Juan Cosalá, Lagos de Moreno: Santa Rosa, La Huerta: Estación Biológica de Chamela and La Manzanilla, Ocotlán, Ojuelos: presa El Cuarenta, Puerto Vallarta, Tequila: volcán de Tequila, Tapalpa, Tizapán el Alto, Zapopan: 5 mi w Guadalajara and Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zocoalco: Los Guayabos, Mascota: Los Volcanes), Estado de México ( Santo Tomás : Nuevo Santo Tomás de los Plátanos, Tejupilco), Michoacán (Apatzingán: Acahuato, Morelia), Morelos (Ayala: 8.8 mi SW Cuautla, Cuernavaca: Cuernavaca and Chamilpa, Jojutla: Laguna de Tequesquitengo, Puente de Ixtla, San José de los Laureles, Tepoztlán, Tlayacapan: camino a Amatlán, Xochitepec: Palo Bolero), Nayarit (Compostela, El Nayar: Jesús María, La Mesa del Nayar and Santa Teresa, Ixtlán del Río, Santa María del Oro, Tepic), Oaxaca (Huajuapan de León, Miahuatlán, Oaxaca), Puebla (Puebla, Tehuacán), Querétaro (Cadereyta: El Pilón), San Luis Potosí (Ciudad del Maíz: El Naranjo, Sinaloa (Choix, Mazatlán: Presidio River, Villa Unión and Venedio), Sonora, Tamaulipas (Gómez Farías: Estación Biológica Los Cedros, Villagrán) and Veracruz (Córdoba, Huatusco, Ilamatlán: Xoxocapa, Fortín: Cañón Río Metlac, Misantla, Orizaba, Teocelo, Xalapa); Guatemala ; El Salvador ; Honduras (Tegucigalpa); Costa Rica ( Sharp 1884 ; Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2000 ; Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2002 ; Navarrete-Heredia & Cortés-Aguilar 2004 ; Márquez & Asiain 2006 ; Asiain et al. 2011 ; CC-UAEH). TABLE 1. Summary of the new national and state records providing in this work. State records are given only to México; taxa, countries and states are ordered alphabetically.

Taxa	New national records	New state records (México)
Osoriinae , Eleusini 1. Eleusis bicolor (Erichson, 1840)	Hidalgo
2. Eleusis insignis Sharp, 1887	México	Hidalgo
3. Eleusis pallidipennis (Fauvel, 1864)	Nicaragua	Morelos and Oaxaca
Osoriinae , Leptochirini 4. Leptochirus cephalotes Sharp, 1887	Hidalgo and Querétaro
5. Leptochirus edax Sharp, 1887	Chiapas, Hidalgo, Michoacán and Querétaro
Osoriinae , Osoriini 6. Holotrochus arcuatus Irmler, 2005	México and Nicaragua	Hidalgo
7. Holotrochus politus Sharp, 1887	Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panamá	Hidalgo
8. Holotrochus rufopygus Sharp, 1887	México	Oaxaca and Veracruz
Osoriinae , Thoracophorini , Lispinina 9. Lispinus paratardus Irmler, 1994	El Salvador, French Guyana, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua and Panamá	Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas and Veracruz
10. Nacaeus honduranus Irmler, 2006	Panamá	Veracruz
11. Nacaeus opacus (Fauvel, 1864)	Nicaragua and Venezuela
12. Tannea tenella (Erichson, 1840)	Hidalgo
Osoriinae , Thoracophorini , Thoracophorina 13. Thoracophorus sallaei Sharp, 1887	Colombia	Hidalgo and Tamaulipas
Scaphidiinae , Scaphidiini 14. Scaphidium theni Fierros-López, 2005	Hidalgo
Staphylininae , Staphylinini , Philonthina 15. Belonuchus bidens Sharp, 1885	Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí
Staphylininae , Staphylinini , Staphylinina 16. Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Aguascalientes
17. Platydracus apicipennis (Sharp, 1884)	Aguascalientes
18. Platydracus fulvomaculatus (Nordmann, 1837)	Aguascalientes
Total of species: 18	18	29
Distributional comments

Certainly, the information of the geographical distribution of the studied species is still poor and future changes are expected. Nevertheless, they allow a rough over view on their distributional pattern. Seven species clearly show insufficient data regarding their distribution if compared with the remaining 11 species, including Eleusis insignis ( México : Hidalgo; Guatemala : Quiche; Fig. 1 b), Holotrochus arcuatus ( México : Hidalgo; Nicaragua : San Carlos; Costa Rica : La Selva; Fig. 2 a), H. politus ( México : Hidalgo and Veracruz; Costa Rica : Guanacaste and Puntarenas; Panamá : Colon; Ecuador : Sucumbios; Fig. 2 b), H. rufopygus ( México : Oaxaca and Veracruz; Guatemala : Purulá and Verapaz; Fig. 3 b), Leptochirus cephalotes (six records located on the Mexican Plateaus that is a biogeographic province widespread considerably in México , where this species was recorded at numerous places; Fig. 3 a), Scaphidium theni (two records: Hidalgo and Veracruz, México ; Fig. 2 a), and Belonuchus bidens (several records in México , but only one historical record in Central America , Chontales, Nicaragua ; Fig. 1 b). Some similar cases as the previously mentioned are commented in Márquez and Asiain (2006) . FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution (as individual tracks) of: A. Eleusis bicolor (gray circles). B. Eleusis insignis (white triangles) and Belonuchus bidens (gray circles). FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution (as individual tracks) of: A. Holotrochus arcuatus (gray squares), Scaphidium theni (black starts) and Platydracus apicipennis (gray circles). B. Eleusis pallidipennis (gray circles) and Holotrochus politus (gray squares). FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution (as individual tracks) of: A. Leptochirus cephalotes (gray circles) and Nacaeus honduranus (black squares). B. Leptochirus edax (gray circles) and Holotrochus rufopygus (gray starts). FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution (as individual tracks) of: A. Tannea tenella (gray circles). B. Thoracophorus sallaei (gray circles). FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution (as individual tracks) of: A. Lispinus paratardus (white circles) and Nacaeus opacus (black circles). B. Platydracus fulvomaculatus (gray circles). The distributional data of the remaining 11 species seem to be sufficiently complete to derive a rough area of their distribution. Creophilus maxillosus shows a wide distribution in America and other continents, e.g. Europe ( Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2002 ), so it is excluded from the discussion of species mainly distributed in South and Central America . The 17 analyzed species shows Neotropical distribution in a broad sense; two of these species seem to have restricted distributions; i.e., they occur in restricted small geographic areas compared with the remaining species. These are Leptochirus cephalotes (several records in the South of the Mexican Plateaus; Fig. 3 a) and Scaphidium theni (Veracruz and Hidalgo, México ; Fig. 2 a). A similar distribution as the last species has been detected in Peplomicrus mexicanus ( Staphylinidae : Micropeplinae ) and in the Scarab beetles Bolbelasmus rotundipennis , Neoathyreus mixtus , Plusiotis badeni and Chrysina peruviana . This distributional pattern has been named "South- Orient of México " (Márquez & Asiain 2012; Morón & Márquez 2012 ). Nine species show a Mesoamerican distribution, which extends from one of the Central American countries, i.e. Panamá or further north, to different parts of México . Regarding this distributional pattern, at least three variants could be detected (called sub-patterns) depending on their extension within México : A) Sub-pattern Mesoamerican—South Orient of México : Central America and the oriental parts of México including the states of Hidalgo, Querétaro or/and San Luis Potosí. This sub-pattern is represented by Belonuchus bidens , Eleusis insignis , Holotrochus arcuatus and Nacaeus honduranus ( Figs. 1 b, 2a, 3a). It has been previously observed in at least 21 species of Staphylinidae , eight of Melolonthidae , two of Scarabaeidae , and one of Cerambycidae , Curculionidae , Lampyridae and Lycidae (Márquez 2006, 2011; Márquez & Asiain 2006 , 2009 , 2012; Márquez & Morrone 2004 ; Morón & Márquez 2012 ; Morrone & Márquez 2001 ; Navarrete-Heredia et al . 2002 ). Recently, analyzing the distribution of Odonata species from several cloud forests in Hidalgo State, México , this sub-pattern was also detected in one species of the family Coenagrionidae and one species of the family Libellulidae (J. A. Escoto-Moreno pers. comm.). B) Sub-pattern Mesoamerican—South Orient and South Occident of México ("Y" shaped distribution from south to north): Mesoamerican species of this sub-pattern reach different latitudes in México , mainly along the lowlands of both slopes of the country. Holotrochus rufopygus and Leptochirus edax can be included here ( Fig. 3 b). This sub-pattern has been also detected in some other Coleoptera families, i.e. Cerambycidae , Curculionidae , Lampyridae and Scarabaeidae (one species each), four species of Melolonthidae and five of Staphylinidae ( Arce & Asiain 2008 ; Asiain et al . 2010; Márquez 2003 ; Márquez & Morrone 2004 ; Márquez & Asiain 2012; Márquez et al . 2015 ; Morón & Márquez 2012 ; Morrone & Márquez 2001 ). It is also congruent with the distribution of one species of Gomphidae ( Odonata ; J. A. Escoto-Moreno pers. comm.). C) Sub-pattern Mesoamerican sensu lato : this includes records from Central America and wide parts of México compared with the previous two sub-patterns. It includes several southern and central biogeographic provinces of the country and parts of the Mexican Plateau. Three species show this variant: Eleusis bicolor , Platydracus apicipennis and P. fulvomaculatus ( Figs. 1 a, 2a, 5b). The geographical distribution of several other beetle species is congruent with this sub-pattern, such as four species of Melolonthidae , one from Scarabaeidae , two from Silphidae and eight of Staphylinidae (Márquez 2006; Márquez & Asiain 2012; Morón & Márquez 2012 ; Morrone & Márquez 2001 ; Navarrete-Heredia 2009 ); one species of Odonata from the family Aeshnidae and another one from Coenagrionidae also show this type of distribution (J. A. Escoto-Moreno pers. comm.). The last pattern is represented by six species showing a Neotropical distribution in a broad sense. It includes one or several South American countries, Central America (sometimes Antilles) and México . This pattern can be divided in at least two sub-patterns depending on the distribution in México : A) Sub-pattern Neotropical—South Orient of México : it includes Holotrochus politus , Lispinus paratardus , Nacaeus opacus , Tannea tenella and Thoracophorus sallaei , distributed from South America to the Oriental slope of México ( Figs. 2 b, 4a, 4b, 5a). This sub-pattern has been also observed in several species of different families of Coleoptera , such as Curculionidae , Melolonthidae and Passalidae (one species each), Scarabaeidae (three species) and Staphylinidae (two species) (Asiain et al . 2010; Márquez & Asiain 2012; Morón & Márquez 2012 ; Morrone & Márquez 2001 ; Reyes-Castillo 2010 ). In Odonata , one species of Coenagrionidae shows this sub-pattern, too (J. A. Escoto-Moreno pers. comm.). Irmler (2012a , 2012b ) reported a group of five species of Lispinus (including L. paratardus ) and a geographic group of several species of Tannea (including T. tenella ) found over tropical, subtropical and mountainous tropical zones from Brazil to México , that probably correspond with this sub-pattern. B) Sub-pattern Neotropical sensu lato : it includes records from South America to México , where several southern and central biogeographic provinces are inhabited, some places of the Oriental and Occidental slopes in the lowland, and some parts of the Mexican Plateau. Eleusis pallidipennis follows this sub-pattern ( Fig. 2 b). It coincides with that of Lispinus sinuatocollis , which is considered to have abroad distribution from South of México to central Brazil ( Irmler 2009 ). The previously discussed distributional patterns may be supported when other biological groups are analyzed containing species with similar distribution. Actually, these described patterns can be proposed as hypotheses of primary biogeographic homology ( sensu Morrone 2007 ), which postulates a historical biogeographic relationship among geographical areas. This means that the components (species) have remained as a geographical unit over long periods of time sharing their own biological and geological events. However, their relationships cannot be discovered without an analysis of cladistic biogeography that requires knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa of each pattern.