Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan Author Arimoto, Kôichi text Zootaxa 2023 2023-11-23 5375 3 301 335 https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5375.3.1/52332 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.1 1175-5326 10200036 27D02F09-01B7-457A-8A99-D8644B7B6ADE Penia babai Kishii, 1994 ( Figures 4–7 ) Csikia dimatoides Szombathy, 1910 ; Kishii, 1991: 3 (record of female from Kaohsiung City , Taiwan) [misidentification]. Penia babai Kishii, 1994: 211 (original description; type locality: Taiwan , Kaohsiung City , Liouguei District, Mt. Wukon Shan); Suzuki, 1999: 121 (catalogue); Cate, 2007: 185 (catalogue); Platia, 2008: 193 (record of male from Kaohsiung City , Taiwan); Kundrata et al. , 2018: 36 (catalogue). Type material. Holotype . Female , Taiwan , Kaohsiung City , near Liouguei District , Mt. Wukon Shan , 3 VI 1989 , Kintarô Baba leg. [ OMNH ; 5481]. Verbatim label data ( Fig. 4A ). “Female symbol”; “ HOLOTYPE ”; “5481”; “Mt. Wu Kon Shan,/ near Liu kuei,/ S-Taiwan/ 3. VI. 1989 / Col. K. Baba ”; “ Penia / babai/ KISHII, sp. n. / Det. KISHII, ’93”. FIGURE 4. Penia babai . A–C: holotype, female (5481); D: male (PBK02). A: labels; B, D: habitus, dorsal side; C: habitus, ventral side. Non-type material. Taiwan . 1 male , Nantou County , Ren’ai Township , Nanshan Xi , 19 IV 1985, collector unknown [ OMNH ; PBK01 ] ; 1 male , Kaohsiung City , Taoyuan District , Tengjhih , 5 V 1985, collector unknown [ OMNH ; PBK02 ] ; 1 female , Kaohsiung City , Liouguei District , 4 VII 1981 , T . Kamakari leg. [ OMNH ; PBK03 ] ; 1 female , Kaohsiung City , Liouguei District , Mt. Nanho Shan , 18 V 1985, collector unknown [ OMNH ; PBK04 ] ; 1 male , Kaohsiung City , Taoyuan District , Mt. Pao-shan (as Chungshinrun in data label), 20 V 1975, K. Matsuda leg. [ OMNH ; PBK05 ] ; 1 male , Kaohsiung City , near Liouguei , Gokang Shan , 7 V 1991, M. Yagi leg. [ OMNH ; 6689]. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the following features: eyes 0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view; antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI or VII, surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres III distinctly longer than II; IV 1.3–1.4 x longer than III, 0.8–0.9 x longer than II–III combined; apical maxillary palpomere 1.9–2.4 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eye; pronotum straightly and slightly narrowed ahead of hind angles; posterior edge of pronotum with sublateral incisions; hind angles of pronotum broad, weakly protruding posterolaterad; hypomeron with distinct mesial projection; anterior angle of hypomeron almost right angle; hind angle of hypomeron broadly triangular; scutellar shield almost as long as wide; mesosternal process between mesocoxae distinctly higher than mesocoxae, visible in lateral view; posterior edge of mesosternal process 0.2–0.25 x wider than total width of mesosternum; elytron 3.1–3.6 x longer than wide, 2.5–2.7 x longer than pronotum length; abdominal ventrite V semicircular, rounded apically; phallobase 0.9 x longer than wide; apex of parameres beyond preapical expansions large triangular; apex length 0.4–0.6 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side; spiculum ventrale 5.6 x longer than length of sternite VIII; ovipositor longer than length of abdomen. This species is similar to P . tsou in features of the eyes, the basal antennomeres, the apical maxillary palpomere, the hind angles of the pronotum, the anterior and hind angles of the hypomeron, the scutellar shield, the mesosternal process between mesocoxae, the elytron, and the abdominal ventrite V. It is distinguished by antenna length, the shapes of the pronotum and apex of parameres, and the degree of development of the mesial projection of the hypomeron (see diagnosis of P . tsou ). Measurements. Male (n=4). BL: 8.62–10.6, BW: 3.32–4.24, MAE: 1.34–1.67, MBE: 0.83–1.10, OI: 151–162, PL: 2.24–2.75, PML: 1.75–2.13, PW: 2.69–3.52, PAW: 1.46–1.84, PLI: 78.2–83.3, PWI: 178–191, EL: 5.67–7.43, EW: 1.67–2.06, EI: 253–270, BI: 253–270. Female (n=3; holotype in parentheses). BL: 7.83–9.23 (8.30), BW: 3.29–3.86 (3.48), MAE: 1.32–1.48 (1.40), MBE: 0.83–0.97 (0.91), OI: 152–160 (154), PL: 2.20–2.58 (2.32), PML: 1.72–2.06 (1.83), PW: 2.69–3.15 (2.80), PAW: 1.45–1.73 (1.54), PLI: 81.6–82.9 (82.9), PWI: 182–186 (182), EL: 5.40–6.49 (5.75), EW: 1.71–1.94 (1.77), EI: 315–334 (325), BI: 246–251 (247). Redescription. Body broad, widest ahead of elytral midlength ( Fig. 4B ); surface generally smooth; interspaces between punctures distinctly larger than fine puncture diameter ( Fig. 4B, C ). Color. Body light orange to dark red ( Fig. 4B, D ). Lateral margin of elytra paler. External edge of mandible, lateral and posterior edges of pronotum, posterior edge of prosternum, outer and posterior edges of hypomere, external edge of scutellum, posterior edge of mesosternum and anterior edge of elytra black. Antennae reddish brown or black. Legs light orange to reddish brown. Body covered with long yellow setae. FIGURE 5. Penia babai . A–C, E–M: holotype, female (5481); D: male (PBK01). A: head, anterior view; B: head, dorsal view; C, D: basal antennomeres of left antenna; E: right maxillary palp, ventral side; F: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (black arrow: the direction perpendicular to the base of ventral lobe of prosternal process, white arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); G: left hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with distinct mesial projection); H: prosternal process from the direction perpendicular to base of ventral lobe (black arrow of figure 5F); I: scutellar shield; J: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (white arrow of figure 5F); K: left mid tarsus. Head. Frons flatted medially ( Fig. 5A, B ); frontal carina not complete ( Fig. 5A ); frontal margin rectangular but broadly rounded apically in dorsal view ( Fig. 5B ); frontoclypeal region protruding beyond base of labrum. Eyes relatively normal in convexity, 0.3 x longer than interocular distance in dorsal view ( Fig. 5B ). Antennae extending beyond pronotum posterior lateral apices by antennomere VI in male and by VII in female , surpassing elytral half by antennomere XI; antennomeres longer than wide; II obconical, shortest, 1.2–1.7 x longer than wide; III weakly serrated, 2.1–2.4 x longer than wide, 1.7–2.0 x longer than II ; IV –XI filiform; IV 2.6 – 3.5 x longer than wide, 1.3–1.4 x longer than III , 0.8–0.9 x longer than II – III combined ( Fig. 5C, D ); V 3.0–3.6 x longer than wide, 1.0–1.1 x longer than IV ; XI 4.1 – 5.6 x longer than wide, 1.0–1.2 x longer than X. Mandible bidentate ( Fig. 5A ). Apical maxillary palpomere semicircular or triangular in holotype ( Fig. 5E ) and left side of non-type ( PBK04 ), 1.9–2.4 x longer than wide, shorter than maximum length of eyes; anterior edge rounded . FIGURE 6. Penia babai , male (PBK01). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: tergites IX–X; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal side; F: aedeagus, ventral side; G: apical part of left paramera, ventral side. Prothorax. Pronotum hexagonal, 0.8 x longer than wide, roundly widening anteriorly, straightly and moderately narrowed ahead of hind angles, widest just ahead of posterior lateral apices ( Fig. 4D ) but in holotype widest at midlength and just ahead of posterior lateral apices ( Fig. 4B ), tallest around midlength ( Fig. 5F ), without median longitudinal depression posteriorly; anterior edge strongly concave; anterior angles simple, nearly right angle; punctate lateral ridge extending from anterior angles to hind angles ( Fig. 4B ); hind angles simple, broad, weakly protruding posterolaterad; posterior edge with a sublateral incision near each hind angle, without carinae next to sublateral incisions ( Fig. 4B ). Hypomeron with distinct mesial projection ( Fig. 5G : arrow); anterior angle almost right angle; mesial edge almost straight; mesial and posterior margins with impunctate ridge ( Fig. 5G ); posterior margin with rectangular projection between two large emarginations; hind angle broadly triangular. Prosternum nearly straight ventrally in lateral view; anterior lobe not protruding beyond prosternal ventral line in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ); anterior edge broadly rounded but nearly straight apically in ventral view ( Fig. 4C ). Prosternal process broad, 1.8–2.1 x longer than procoxal cavity length, concave between procoxae, strongly curved dorsad from the middle of procoxal cavities in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ), without subapical tooth; dorsal lobe roundly expanded ahead of apex in ventral view ( Fig. 5H ); ventral lobe roundly expanded near base and then abruptly narrowed posteriad in ventral view ( Fig. 5H ); ventral margin strongly and triangularly expanded medially in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ); apex rounded in lateral and ventral views ( Fig. 5F, H ). Pronotosternal sutures not grooved ( Fig. 5G ), sinuate in ventral view ( Fig. 4C ), moderately opened anteriorly. Scutellar shield tongue-shaped ( Fig. 5I ), 0.9–1.0 x longer than wide, widest anteriorly, weakly narrowed behind anterior ridge, almost parallel-sided in anterior half and then narrowed posterad, flat, inclined anterior-downwards, visible in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ); anterior edge broadly rounded, in some slightly protruding medially; posterior edge rounded. Mesosternum: borders of mesosternal cavity straight anteriorly and then curved ventrad in right angle in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ); mesosternal process between mesocoxae distinctly higher than mesocoxae, visible in lateral view ( Fig. 5F : white arrow); posterior edge 0.2–0.25 x wider than total width of mesosternum, weakly emarginate ( Fig. 5J ). Mesepisternum reaching mesocoxal cavity ( Fig. 5J ). Metasternum sulcate medially and ahead of metacoxal cavities ( Fig. 4C ). Metacoxal plate narrowed toward outer side, becoming like a parallel-sided bar at its outer 2/ 5 in ventral view ( Fig. 4C ). Elytron broadly strongly convex, but with outer margin widely depressed, widest ahead of midlength, 3.1–3.6 x longer than wide, 2.5–2.7 x longer than pronotum length; apex rounded; elytral striae defined by lines of elongated punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Tibiae with paired spurs; relative tarsomere lengths: IV<III II<V<I; tarsomeres III and IV with lobe ventrally ( Fig. 5K ). FIGURE 7. Penia babai , females. A, B, E, F: non-type (PBK03); C, D: holotype (5481); G: non-type (PBK04). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: slide; D, E: pregenital segments and genitalia; F: coxites, ventral side; G: vagina and bursa copulatrix (arrow 1: bursa copulatrix posteriorly with a short sac, arrow 2: bursa copulatrix with a sac at the middle). Abdomen. Ventrite V semicircular, rounded apically ( Fig. 4C ), 0.45–0.6 x longer than wide. Male. Tergites and sternites VIII‒X yellow. Tergite VIII 0.8 x longer than wide, trapezoidal, narrowed posterad; posterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 6A ). Sternite VIII posteriorly widely concave between two projections ( Fig. 6B ). Tergite IX almost as long as wide; median notch 0.7 x total length of tergite IX ( Fig. 6C ). Tergite X longer than wide, rounded apically ( Fig. 6C ). Sternite IX 2.3 x longer than wide, constricted ahead of midlength ( Fig. 6D ), rounded apically. Aedeagus yellow ( Fig. 6E, F ). Phallobase 0.3 x total length of aedeagus, 0.9 x longer than wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/10; basal struts 0.3 x total length of median lobe. Parameres broad, not fused ventrally ( Fig. 6E ); preapical expansions protruding laterad ( Fig. 6G ); apex beyond preapical expansions large triangular ( Fig. 6G ), with a seta dorsally, with a seta ventrally; apex length 0.4–0.6 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side. Female. Tergite VIII and sternite VIII yellow. Terigite VIII semicircular, 1.1 x longer than wide ( Fig. 7A ); sternite VIII (between base of spiculum ventrale and apex) semicircular, 0.9 x longer than wide ( Fig. 7B ; the pregenital segments and genitalia of holotype had been mounted in balsam on slides and were distorted by the pressure exerted by the coverslip, Fig. 7C, D ); spiculum ventrale 5.6 (in holotype 4.5) x longer than length of sternite VIII ( Fig. 7E ). Ovipositor 1.2 x longer than length of abdomen; coxites two segmented at ventral side ( Fig. 7F ), with several setae each dorsally, ventrally, and apically; stylus with several setae apically ( Fig. 7F ). Vagina short; bursa copulatrix elongated spheroid, without sclerotized structures ( Fig. 7G ), with a short sac posteriorly ( Fig. 7G : arrow 1), with a sac around midlength ( Fig. 7G : arrow 2). Distribution. Taiwan : Nantou County and Kaohsiung City ( Fig. 1 ).