New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis Author Stiller, Michael text Zootaxa 2012 2012-10-08 3509 1 35 54 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2 b26385a2-dd9e-4b8f-b69f-887704118db6 1175-5326 213100 D0480008-24AD-47DF-93CC-4D5FDFE9042C Xerophytavorus rastrullus sp.n. ( Figs 3–7 , 52–76 ) Diagnosis . Pygofer process apex with comb-like structure ( Fig. 60 ). Pygofer lobe medially with oval cluster of macrosetae ( Figs 59, 60 ). Aedeagus with shaft depressed, medial and distal margins serrate ( Figs 54, 62 ). Etymology . Latin, rastrullus , diminutive for rake or comb, for the appearance of the row of teeth on the pygofer process. Male , female and nymph . External morphology . Pale spots and markings on face, lateral margin of pronotum and vertex ( Figs 3, 4, 6, 7 ). Tegmina with triangular translucent, whitish or yellow marking in claval cells on some specimens only. Marking was present (as in Figs 3, 4 ) or absent (as in Fig. 7 ) in about equal proportions in males and females (142 examined pinned and specimens in a capsule). Tegmina in male in Fig. 52 , claval veins poorly developed, microsetae on most veins; apically with weakly developed or without cross-veins; appendix narrow. Female tegmina ( Fig. 64 ) with two anteapical cells and two apical cells. Hind wing as in Fig. 65 . Nymph with yellow longitudinal stripe, flanks brown; fore- and mid-legs pale, hind legs pale with distal apex of femur and tibia dark ( Fig. 5 ). Abdominal apodemes . Abdominal apodemes ( Figs 55–57 ) with posterior apodeme wide, with narrow medial lobes ( Fig 55 , anterior view, Fig 57 , dorsal view); anterior apodeme with elongate apical arms and membranous rounded, medial lobes ( Fig 55 , anterior view, Fig. 56 , dorsal view). FIGURES 22–27. Images of Xerophyta species, host plants of Xerophytavorus gen.n. and Xerophytacolus gen.n. species. 22 , 23 , Xerophyta sp. in grassland at Malolotja Nature Reserve, Swaziland; 24 , approx. 1 m tall plant in Chimanimani Nature Reserve, Zimbabwe; 25 , hairy-leaved Xerophyta sp. in The Downs, Orrie Baragwanath Pass, South Africa; 26 , up to 2 m tall plant near Lydenburg, South Africa; 27 , habitat at Faerie Glen Nature Reserve, Pretoria, where most trophobiosis observations were made. FIGURES 28–40. Xerophytavorus furcillatus gen.n. & sp.n., male. Head and pronotum, 28 , dorsal view; 29 , face; 30 , lateral view; 31 , tegmina; 32 , foretibia setation; 33 , dorsal view, distal right metafemur; 34 , style; 35 , pygofer, dorsal view; 36 , pygofer, lateral view; 37 , plate and valve, ventral view; 38 , aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; 39 , aedeagus and connective, lateroventral view; 40 , process and apical macrosetae cluster on pygofer, medial view. Male . Measurements . (n=43) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.97–2.16 mm ; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.72–1.98 mm ; vertex 0.34–0.39 mm ; next to eye 0.19–0.21 mm ; pronotum 0.37–0.43 mm ; scutellum 0.37–0.45 mm . Width: head 0.83–0.90 mm ; pronotum 0.90–1.00 mm; scutellum 0.55–0.63 mm . Ocellus: diameter 3.60–4.50 µm; ocellocular distance 7.06–8.47 µm. Male . Genitalia . Pygofer lobe medioventrally with process with comb-like apex ( Figs 59, 60 ), lobe with apex with cluster of macrosetae, arising from ovoid base ( Figs 59, 60 ); dorsal view as in Fig. 58 , anterior apodeme short ( Figs 58, 59 ). Aedeagal shafts sub-parallel, inner margins membranous, denticulate ( Fig. 54 ), laterally as in Fig. 62 . Plate triangular as in Fig. 61 , lateral subapical margin rugose. Style with elongate, acuminate apophysis, ridge medioventrally; preapical angle deep, rounded; preapical lobe acute; lateral anterior lobe large, wide, right-angled; medial anterior lobe short, triangular ( Fig. 63 ). Female . Measurements . (n=30) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.02–2.18 mm ; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.83–2.06 mm ; vertex 0.34–0.38 mm ; next to eye 0.19–0.22 mm ; pronotum 0.39–0.43 mm ; scutellum 0.39–0.46 mm . Width: head 0.86–0.92 mm ; pronotum 0.93–1.00 mm; scutellum 0.58–0.65 mm . Ocellus: diameter 3.82–4.35 µm; ocellocular distance 6.97–8.66 µm. Female . Genitalia . Sternite 7 with deep median V-shaped notch, margins depicting damage ( Fig. 67 ). Valvula 3 ( Fig. 66 ) with uniseriate setae marginally, apex rounded. Valvula 2 ( Fig. 72 ) lanceolate, apical half serrate, slightly narrowed medially; serration regular, fine as in Figs 74, 75 at apex, Fig. 76 , medially), medial sclerotized section as in Fig. 73 . Valvula 1 ( Fig. 68 ) lanceolate; dorsal and ventral microsculpture imbricate, as in Figs 69, 71 at apex, and Fig. 70 medially. Material examined . Holotype male . South Africa , Gauteng . Pretoria , 25°45ʹS , 28°12ʹE , 1450 m , 21.i.1970 , B. Buys ( SANC ). Paratypes . 513, 44Ƥ, 17 nymphs. Gauteng . 143 , 8Ƥ , ibid. holotype, 21.i.1970 ; 33 , 2Ƥ , ibid. holotype, 13.xi.1976 ; 53 , 7Ƥ , ibid. holotype, 13.xi.1977 ; 53 , 2Ƥ , 7 nymphs, Faerie Glen Koppies , Pretoria , 25°46ʹS , 28°17ʹE , 4.iii.1994 ; 13 , 1Ƥ , 2 nymphs, Rietfontein suburb, Pretoria , 25°41ʹS , 28°14ʹE , 1300 m , 26.xii.2001 ; 53 , 3Ƥ , Swawelpoort , Bronberg , SE Pretoria , 25°48ʹS , 28°22ʹE , 1550 m , 17.xi.2004 ; 23 , 6Ƥ , 1 nymph, Klapperkop , Pretoria , 25°46ʹS , 28°12ʹE , 1469 m , 3.iii.2006 ; 93 , 7Ƥ , 7 nymphs, Smuts Koppie , Irene suburb, Pretoria , 25°53ʹ32.6ʺS , 28°14ʹ14.5ʺE , 1494 m , 4.iv.2012 , hand collected. KwaZulu-Natal . 13 , Orange River catchment, 28°53ʹS , 29°01ʹE , 2880 m , 16.iv.2006 , sweeping grass and forbs in wetland ; North-West Province . 63 , 7Ƥ , Dome Kloof , Magaliesberg , near Mooinooi , 25°50ʹS , 27°32ʹE , 13.iii.2005 . All collected by M. Stiller . All collected from Xerophyta retinervis , except where stated otherwise ( BMNH , INHS , SANC ). Remarks . Differentiation between species provided under remarks on Xv. furcillatus above. The single, high altitude record from the Drakensberg of KwaZulu-Natal Province is not considered an error, but rather the result of migration on air currents.