Expanding the knowledge on the diversity of the cavernicolous Styloniscidae Vandel, 1952 (Oniscidea, Synocheta) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species from the semiarid karst regions Author Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-8241 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia (Nicosia), Cyprus ivanklin.filho@gmail.com Author Gallo, Jessica S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-4686 Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Gallao, Jonas E. Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Torres, Dayana F. Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Carpio-Diaz, Yesenia M. Grupo de Investigacion en Biologia Descriptiva y Aplicada, Programa de Biologia, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus San Pablo, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Author Lopez-Orozco, Carlos Mario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-7739 Grupo de Investigacion en Biologia Descriptiva y Aplicada, Programa de Biologia, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus San Pablo, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Author Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo Grupo de Investigacion en Biologia Descriptiva y Aplicada, Programa de Biologia, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus San Pablo, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Author Taiti, Stefano Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy & Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia " La Specola ", Florence, Italy Author Bichuette, Maria Elina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-4832 Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil & Grupo Bambui de Pesquisas Espeleologicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil text ZooKeys 2022 2022-05-18 1101 35 55 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.79043 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.79043 1313-2970-1101-35 CD8B497144FE427CA24689090051416D 94AC39F90DE853F598FE926D3AE659B4 Pectenoniscus pankaru Campos-Filho, Torres & Bichuette sp. nov. Figs 1 , 3E , 4A-C , 5 , 6 Material examined. Brazil ● 1♂ , holotype , Gruna do Govi , Feira da Mata , Serra do Ramalho karst area, Bambui geomorphological group, state of Bahia , 13°56'43.30"S , 44°14'25.94"W , 12.X.2020 , leg. ME Bichuette, DF Torres, JS Gallo, LS Horta and JE Gallao , LES 27761 ● 1♂ (parts in micropreparations), paratype , same data as for holotype, LES 27762 ● 2 ♀♀ , paratypes , same data as for holotype, LES 27763 . Description. Maximum length: ♂ 2.2 mm, ♀ 3.5 mm. Dorsal surface slightly granulated, granules on pereonites 1-7 in two transverse rows, pleon smooth (Fig. 4A, B ). Dorsal scale-setae tricorn-shaped (Fig. 5A ). Cephalon (Figs 4C , 5B ) with well-developed quadrangular antennary lobes, slightly directed outwards; profrons with suprantennal line bent downwards medially. Pereonite 1-3 epimera with postero-lateral corners right-angled, 4-7 progressively more acute and directed backwards; pleonite 5 epimera with glandular pores at sides near distal margins (Figs 4A, B , 5C ). Telson (Fig. 5C ) almost three times as wide as long, with concave sides and rounded apex. Antennula (Fig. 5D ) with distal article longer than second and first, and bearing at least 12 aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 5E ) with fifth article of peduncle as long as flagellum, bearing one distal strong seta; flagellum of four articles, first article longest, apical organ as long as distal article of flagellum. Mandibles as in Fig. 5F, G , right mandible with leaf-like lacinia mobilis. Maxillula (Fig. 5H ) with two robust penicils; outer endite with 4+5 teeth, apically simple, one subapical slender stalk near medial margin. Maxilla as in Fig. 5I . Maxilliped (Fig. 5J ) basis with lateral sides fringed with fine setae; palp with first article bearing two setae, distal articles fused and bearing many setae on lateral margins; endite much longer than wide, lateral margins covered with fine setae, distal margin bearing two strong setae and one elongated penicil. Grooves and scales for water conducting system on ischium, merus, carpus and propodus of pereopod 6 and basis of pereopod 7 (Fig. 6C ). Dactylus with ungual seta simple and dactylar seta bifid and setose. Uropod (Fig. 6A ) protopod and exopod grooved on outer margins bearing glandular pores; exopod longer than endopod, endopod inserted proximally. Male. Pereopods 1-6 (Fig. 6B ) without any sexual modifications. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 6C ) propodus with brush of setae on rostral margin. Genital papilla (Fig. 6D ) enlarged on median portion, apical part narrow and elongated. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 6D ) protopod subrectangular, distal margin sinuous; exopod subtriangular, outer margin almost straight, proximal and outer margins convex; endopod longer than exopod, basal article short, distal article three times longer than basal one. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 6E ) exopod ovoid, more than three times as wide as long; endopod of two articles, thickset, second article more than twice as long as first, distally bearing round shaped lobe directed outwards. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 6F ) subquadrangular, slightly wider than long, bearing three setae, distal margin rounded. Figure 4. Pectenoniscus pankaru Campos-Filho, Torres & Bichuette, sp. nov. (♀, LES 27763) A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C cephalon, dorsal view. Pectenoniscus fervens Campos-Filho, Taiti & Bichuette, sp. nov. (♀, LES 27764) D habitus, dorsal view E habitus, lateral view F cephalon, dorsal view. Figure 5. Pectenoniscus pankaru Campos-Filho, Torres & Bichuette, sp. nov. (♂, LES 27762) A dorsal scale-seta B cephalon, frontal view C pleonites 4, 5 and telson D antennula E antenna F left mandible G right mandible H maxillula I maxilla J maxilliped. Figure 6. Pectenoniscus pankaru Campos-Filho, Torres & Bichuette, sp. nov. (♂, LES 27762) A uropod B pereopod 1 C pereopod 7 D genital papila and pleopod 1 E pleopod 2 F pleopod 5 exopod. Etymology. The new species is named for the indigenous people Pankaru, who inhabited the northern portion of Serra do Ramalho region. Remarks. Pectenoniscus pankaru sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus in the shape of the male pleopod 2 endopod. Moreover, it differs in having the antennal flagellum composed of four articles (vs. five in P. angulatus , three in P. carinhanhensis , P. iuiuensis , P. juveniliensis , P. lilae , P. montalvaniensis , P. morrensis and P. santanensis ), antennula bearing 12 aesthetascs (vs. six in P. morrensis and P. santanensis , eight in P. angulatus and P. montalvaniensis , nine in P. juveniliensis and P. lilae , ten in P. iuiuensis , and 11 in P. carinhanhensis ) (see also Andersson 1960 ; Campos-Filho et al. 2019 ; Cardoso et al. 2020b ). Specimens of Pectenoniscus pankaru sp. nov. were found only in the aphotic zone associated to the sediment banks close to a small subterranean stream (Fig. 2B ) and characterised by high humidity levels, which are more suitable for terrestrial isopods. The specimens were collected near vegetable debris.