A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) Author Singh, Navneet 0000-0002-6657-7983 nsgill007@gmail.com Author Ranjan, Rahul 0000-0003-4983-0403 rranjan720@gmail.com Author Talukdar, Avishek 0000-0002-4808-2901 avi.talukdar@rediffmail.com Author Joshi, Rahul 0000-0001-8514-1272 joshiarctiidae@gmail.com Author Kirti, Jagbir Singh 0000-0002-9670-5931 prjagbir2005@gmail.com Author Chandra, Kailash kailash611@rediffmail.com Author Mally, Richard 0000-0001-5996-9471 spilomallynae@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2022 2022-10-25 5197 1 1 423 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1 1175-5326 7252292 CCE28335-B063-47A5-8EFA-904B5B5BC99B 1.1. Epipaschiinae Diversity and distribution: 737 valid species in 94 genera worldwide (Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022, Léger et al. 2020 ). In India , 81 species in 18 genera are reported, accounting for 10.99% of the total described Epipaschiinae diversity. Of the 18 genera, seven genera are represented by single species, nine genera by two to 10 species, and only two genera ( Salma Walker and Orthaga Walker ) are represented by 11 to 20 species ( Fig. 6 ). In India , the subfamily is most diverse in the Central Himalaya, followed by the North East and Western Ghats. No Epipaschiinae is recorded from the Trans-Himalaya ( Fig. 7 ). FIGURE 6. Species diversity of Indian Epipaschiinae genera. FIGURE 7. Species diversity of Indian Epipaschiinae in different Biogeographic zones/zones. Adult characters: mostly of medium size, with forewings rather irregularly and coarsely or diffusely marked and fasciated. The third segment of the labial palps is always upturned and with a pointed apex. In the wing coupling, males exhibit the frenulum as a single bristle while females, two bristles ( Solis 1999 ). In some cases, the male antennae are modified, with an elongate posterior process overlying the thorax, and the inner and ventral surface lined with specialised scales or setae ( Robinson et al. 1994 ). The ductus ejaculatorius inserts subbasally in the phallus ( Holloway et al. 2001 ). The uncus arms are extended to 110 degrees or more from the longitudinal uncus axis ( Solis 1999 , Solis & Mitter 1992 ). Larval characters: have a sclerotized ring around seta SD 1 on A8, on A9 three (sometimes two) setae are present. No sclerotized ring around seta SD 1 on mesothorax, metathorax, or A1. V1 setae on A7 twice as far apart as on A9, body with longitudinal dark bands ( Solis & Mitter 1992 ). Food plants: most larvae are known to be rollers, tiers or miners of leaves. A few species are minor pests of mahoganies, avocado and corn ( Zea mays ) in the Neotropics ( Solis 1993 ). In Malaysia , several species have also been reared from Anacardiaceae , Dipterocarpaceae , and Myrtaceae ( Holloway et al. 2001 ) .