Review of the genus Malacoctenus (Actinopterygii: Labrisomidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic, with description of two new species Author Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo Author Sazima, Ivan Author Lima, Sergio Maia Queiroz Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. Author Almeida, Daniel 0000-0002-7178-2498 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & almeida. d @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7178 - 2498 & ricdias 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1087 - 2227 & mrbritto 2002 @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0611 - 6923 & almeida. d @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7178 - 2498 & Laboratório do Oceano, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. almeida.d@gmail.com Author Mendes, Liana 0000-0002-7178-2498 almeida. d @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7178 - 2498 & Laboratório do Oceano, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. almeida.d@gmail.com Author Dias, Ricardo Marques 0000-0002-7178-2498 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & almeida. d @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7178 - 2498 & ricdias 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1087 - 2227 & mrbritto 2002 @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0611 - 6923 & ricdias 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1087 - 2227 almeida.d@gmail.com Author Britto, Marcelo R. 0000-0002-7178-2498 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & almeida. d @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7178 - 2498 & ricdias 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1087 - 2227 & mrbritto 2002 @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0611 - 6923 & mrbritto 2002 @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0611 - 6923 almeida.d@gmail.com Author Gasparini, João Luiz 0000-0003-1087-2227 ricdias 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1087 - 2227 ricdias77@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2020 2020-07-24 4819 3 499 520 journal article 8955 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.4 7026c184-1da2-4249-b0f1-083f2bf2cd90 1175-5326 4397065 84BBE642-5413-4AC5-A644-98D228844E98 Key to Atlantic species of Malacoctenus (modified after Wirtz 2014 ). 1a. Length of shortest pelvic ray contained four or more times in length of longest ray; pectoral fin rays usually 15 ………....................................................................................…. Malacoctenus boehlkei 1b. Length of shortest pelvic ray contained fewer than four times in length of longest ray; pectoral fin rays 1417……………………………..................................................................... ……....2 2a. Pectoral fin rays usually 15-17; pectoral fin base scales, when present, same size as those on the body……………………………………............................................................... ……3 2b. Pectoral fin rays usually 14; pectoral fin base scales, when present, smaller than those on the body..................... 4 3a. Pectoral fin rays usually 16; pectoral fin base without scales; distinct dark blotch at bases of posteriormost dorsal-fin spines…….…....................................................................... Malacoctenus erdmani 3b. Pectoral fin rays usually 15; pectoral fin base usually with scales; no distinct dark blotch at bases of posteriormost dorsal-fin spines.......................................................................... .. Malacoctenus macropus 4a. Combination of conspicuous dark spot on anterior dorsal-fin spines and a dark ocellus extending from bases of posterior dorsalfin spines onto dorsal contour of body; nasal cirri 1..........................................…. Malacoctenus gilli 4b. Combination of conspicuous dark spot on anterior dorsal-fin spines and a dark ocellus extending from bases of posterior dorsalfin spines onto dorsal contour of body absent; nasal cirri usually 2 …..........................................….5 5a. Dorsal-fin spines usually 18; total nasal cirri (both sides) usually more than seven.............. .. Malacoctenus versicolor 5b. Dorsal-fin spines usually 19-20; total nasal cirri (both sides) fewer than six…..................................... 6 6a. Supraorbital cirri two on each side; nape cirri 9-13 on each side; anterior two dark bands often merging dorsally to form a humeral blotch; lateral line scales 42-55….............................................. Malacoctenus aurolineatus 6b. Supraorbital cirri usually more than two on each side; nape cirri 4-18 on each side; lateral line scales 48-62..........…….7 7a. Total nape cirri (both sides) 24-36; pectoral fin base without scales…......................... Malacoctenus delalandii 7b. Total nape cirri (both sides) usually fewer than 21; pectoral fin base with or without scales............................8 8a. Scales on midline before the dorsal fin absent............................................................….9 8b. Scales on midline before the dorsal fin present............................................................. 10 9a. Lateral line scales 60-66; two longitudinal rows of dark brown spots along the sides of the body….... .. Malacoctenus brunoi 9b, Lateral line scales 51-53; no longitudinal rows of dark spots along the sides of the body........ Malacoctenus zaluari sp. n. 10a. Preopercular canal extends onto the operculum..............................................................11 10b. Preopercular canal does not extend onto the operculum...................................................... 12 11a. Snout length shorter than the eye diameter; head length 26–30% of SL; a dark spot on anterior part of dorsal fin spines.................................................................................... Malacoctenus triangulatus 11b. Snout usually longer than eye diameter; head length 30 – 36% of SL (rarely less than 30); no dark spot on anterior part of dorsal fin spines....................................................................... Malacoctenus lianae sp. n. 12a. Belly completely scaled (from throat to anus); edges of dark bands on body in zigzag lines; dark bars on the body extend well onto the dorsal fin................................................................... Malacoctenus africanus 10b. Belly scaled behind pectoral fins to anus, but scales absent from pectoral and prepectoral region of belly; edges of dark bands in straight lines; dark bars on body barely enter the dorsal fin................................ .. Malacoctenus carrowi