Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries Author Sanborn, Allen F. text Zootaxa 2023 2023-07-20 5318 3 339 362 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2 journal article 57485 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2 39e59e73-ea57-4c57-965f-06bd576d5739 1175-5326 8166896 D7216A8E-B6C2-4A34-9EC6-CACC3D9951E3 NEW COMBINATIONS AND SYNONYMIES IN ZAMMARINI BASED ON GOEMANS (2016) Goemans (2016) studied the Zammarini providing evidence for numerous taxonomic changes. The taxonomical acts within the dissertation were not considered to be valid for nomenclatural purposes following Article 8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) and were disclaimed for such purposes in that work ( Goemans 2016 ). The specifics and long history of confusion for the application of Zammarini taxa is described in Goemans (2016) . He was able to study almost all type specimens and clarify the taxonomy of the group as a whole. The original work ( Goemans 2016 ) should be consulted for summary information on the morphology, history, and distribution of each species studied. Unfortunately, he seems to have moved on to a different area of study and has yet to publish the results formally. Some of his findings have already been applied to update the taxonomy of numerous species (e.g., Sanborn 2019a ; 2020c ) and other changes are being reported in the literature even though the changes are unofficial under the Code (e.g., Nunes et al . 2023 ). Most of his remaining nomenclatural data is presented here to reassign species to clarify the taxonomy of the Zammarini as his work is important in correcting historic misconceptions and the unofficial results are being incorporated into the more recent literature. The new combinations are provided here to make the changes suggested by Goemans (2016) official under the Code so that correct taxonomy can be applied to these taxa in the future. With respect to Brazilian species, Zammara eximia Erichson, 1848 was determined to possess three tarsomeres and is reassigned to Zammaralna eximia ( Erichson, 1848 ) n. comb. , as presented in the species list of Nunes et al . (2023) . Similarly, Zammara strepens Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 was determined to have three tarsomeses and a narrow head so it is reassigned to Orellana strepens ( Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 ) n. comb. , also as presented in the species list of Nunes et al . (2023) . In addition, it was determined that the images and distribution of Orellana pollyae Sanborn, 2011a were the same as O. strepens n. comb. so that Orellana pollyae Sanborn, 2011a n . syn. becomes a junior synonym of Orellana strepens ( Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 ) n. comb. Nunes et al . (2023) included O . pollyae n. syn. in their list of species as a junior synonym of O. strepens n. comb. but did not make the change official under the Code . There are additional taxonomic changes reported in Goemans (2016) in species of Zammarini not inhabiting Brazil . Orellana brunneipennis Goding, 1925 and Orellana pulla Goding, 1925 were shown to possess two tarsi instead of three so they are reassigned to become Zammara brunneipennis ( Goding, 1925 ) n. comb. and Zammara pulla ( Goding, 1925 ) n. comb. , respectively. Zammara brunneipennis ( Goding, 1925 ) n. comb. , n. syn. , Zammara pulla ( Goding, 1925 ) n. comb. , n. syn. , and Zammara erna Schmidt, 1919 n. syn. are junior synonyms of Zammara intricata Walker, 1850 . Finally, Zammara medialinea Sanborn, 2004 n. syn. is a junior synonym of Zammara luculenta Distant, 1883 . Goemans (2016) illustrated the variability in coloration and wing patterns in these species which led to the description of multiple taxa for the highly variable species involved.