Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA Author Zeng, Yongsan Author Ye, Weimin Author Tredway, Lane Author Martin, Samuel Author Martin, Matt text Zootaxa 2012 3452 1 46 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.210165 90f5f5d1-4ae3-4cc0-87b6-fb2ed5263ef5 1175-5326 210165 Heterodera sp. ( Fig. 3 I–K) Measurements . See Table 6 . Remarks. The J2 of an unidentified species of Heterodera was found in golf course tees established with bermudagrass in Horry County, SC. No cysts or white females were found. The morphology and morphometrics of J2’s were similar to those of H. mani , which was described from perennial rye-grass ( Lolium perenne ) in Magilligan, Northern Ireland by Mathews (1971) and has been recorded from the Western Hemisphere and California ( Golden 1979 ), Northern Ireland ( Mowat 1974 ), Germany ( Sturhan 1976a ; 2006 ), Belgium ( Vandenbossche et al . 2011 ), the Netherlands ( Maas & Brinkman 1977 ), Estonia ( Krall et al . 1999 ), Iran ( Moghaddam & Kheiri 1995 ) and Pakistan ( Maqbool 1980 ). The 18S rDNA and ITS sequence (2289 bp sequenced) had 99% identity with a European population of H. mani ( EU669916 1700 bp sequenced) ( Holterman et al . 2009 ). However, as no cysts were detected in this study, the species of Heterodera could not be determined. This is the first record of Heterodera from turfgrasses in SC. TABLE 5. Meloidogyne spp.: morphometrics of second stage juveniles mounted in water. All measurements in μm and in the format: mean ± S.D. (range).

Species	M. graminis	M. graminis	M. naasi
Lab ID	11-30385	11-30368	11-30383-384
Host	Bentgrass	Bermudagrass	Bentgrass
Location	Avery, NC	Richland, SC	Avery, NC
n	15	15	15
L	411.7 ±19.3 (391.4–441.1)	392.4 ± 16.8 (368.2–420.2)	431.9 ± 13.4 (414.6–449.6)
a	28.1 ± 1.3 (26.4–30.0)	24.9 ± 1.8 (22.7–27.9)	28.8 ± 1.0 (27.5–30.1)
b’	4.2 ± 0.5 (3.6–4.7)	4.3 ± 0.2 (4.1–4.7)	4.7 ± 0.2 (4.5–4.9)
c	6.8 ± 0.2 (6.4–7.9)	6.5 ± 0.4 (6.0–6.9)	8.0 ± 0.2 (7.9–8.4)
c’	5.9 ± 0.3 (5.6–6.2)	5.5 ± 0.6 (4.8–6.4)	6.1 ± 0.2 (0.7–1.2)
Body width	14.7 ± 0.8 (13.9–15.8)	15.9 ± 1.3 (13.9–17.7)	15.0 ± 0.3 (14.5–15.4)
Stylet length	11.9 ± 0.4 (11.4–12.3)	11.7 ± 0.4 (11.0–12.0)	11.1 ± 0.6 (10.2–11.5)
Body diam. at stylet basal knob	9.4 ± 0.5 (9.0–10.2)	9.7 ± 0.3 (9.3–10.0)	9.6 ± 0.3 (9.4–10.2)
Pharynx length (Head to metacorpus base)	98.1 ± 7.2 (90.2–108.6)	90.7 ± 5.2 (81.3–96.2)	92.8 ± 4.9 (84.4–96.2)
Anal body width	10.3 ± 0.6 (9.7–11.3)	11.2 ± 0.9 (10.0–12.6)	8.9 ± 0.5 (8.4–9.6)
Tail length	61.1 ± 5.1 (56.0–69.4)	61.0 ± 3.8 (53.9–64.5)	53.9 ± 1.9 (52.2–57.1)
Hyaline tail part	11.7 ± 1.1 (10.6–13.3)	11.5 ± 0.8 (10.2–12.6)	22.1 ± 1.8 (20.2–24.4)
Lip width	5.7 ± 0.5 (5.0–6.3)	5.4 ± 0.2 (5.1–5.6)	5.4 ± 0.2 (5.2–5.6)
Lip height	2.6 ± 0.2 (2.3–2.9)	2.2 ± 0.1 (2.2–2.3)	2.3 ± 0.2 (2.1–2.7)
Metacorpus length	10.0 ± 0.4 (9.4–10.6)	10.0 ± 0.7 (9.1–10.8)	10.0 ± 0.4 (9.3–10.4)
Metacorpus width	7.5 ± 0.4 (7.0–8.2)	7.8 ± 0.5 (7.1–8.3)	7.2 ± 0.3 (6.8–7.6)
LipL/W	2.2 ± 0.2 (2.0–2.5)	2.4 ± 0.1 (2.3–2.5)	2.4 ± 0.2 (2.1–2.6)
Metacorpus L/W	1.3 ± 0.1 (1.3–1.4)	1.3 ± 0.0 (1.2–1.3)	1.4 ± 0.1 (1.3–1.5)
H %tail	23.2 ± 3.9 (18.1–29.1)	18.9 ± 2.0 (16.7–21.8)	41.1 ± 4.0 (35.3–45.4)

TABLE 6. Heterodera sp. and Cactodera sp.: morphometrics of second stage juveniles mounted in water. All measurements in μm and in the format: mean ± S.D. (range).