A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Author Chen, Xin Author He, Hai Author Zhang, Li-Bing 1 Department of Botany, College of Boology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: e-mails: hehaicq @ yahoo. com; libing. zhang @ mobot. org hehaicq@yahoo.com text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 1179-3163 13632375 12. Anisophyllea cinnamomoides (Gardner & Champion) Alston (1931: 108) ( Figure 23 ) Basionym:— Tetracrypta cinnamomoides Gardner & Champion (in Gardner 1849: 314 ). Type :— SRI LANKA . Without locality, ca. 900 m , no date, s.c. 2205 ( holotype PDA , isotype L-0649534!) . Heterotypic synonym:— Anisophyllea zeylanica Bentham (in Hooker & Bentham 1849: 343 ) (“ Anisophyllum zeylanicum ”). Type:— SRI LANKA . Without locality, no date, Walker 80 ( lectotype K - 000493105!, here designated , isolectotypes K - 000493106!, K - 000493107!). 38 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. FIGURE 23. Anisophyllea cinnamomoides (Gardner & Champion) Alston. —A. Flowering branch. —B. Fruiting branchlet. —C. Female flower. —D, E. Male flowers. —F. Longitudinal and cross sections of female flower. —G. Petal. —H. Stamens. —J, K. Longitudinal sections of fruit (Drawn by W. H. Fitch; reproduced and modified from Gardner in Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 5: t. 5. 1853). MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 39 Trees to 30 m tall, 30 cm in diam.; outer bark smooth or cracked, light brown, to 0.5 mm thick, inner bark paleyellowish, sapwood striped, widely rayed; young branches terete, ascending and a little pendulous distally, pannose with brownish hairs ca. 0.16 mm long; buds pannose with hairs denser at base. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 1.5–2.0 cm long, between two adjacent different types of leaves 3–6 mm long; small leaves caducous, sessile, obovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 1.6 mm long, 1.1 mm wide at base, sparsely pannose; large leaves petiolate, petiole 3–6 mm long, 2.0– 2.5 mm in diam., pannose; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 8–18 cm long, 4.0– 5.5 cm wide, base slightly oblique, obtuse or rounded, apex acuminate or caudate, to 2 cm long, margins often slightly revolute, coriaceous, lustrous and glabrous on both surfaces; main longitudinal veins 5–7, springing from blade base, or with 1–2 inner lateral veins from midrib to 1.5 cm above blade base, middle 3 main veins (midrib and its adjacent lateral ones) bold, impressed adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, outer 2–4 lateral veins rather faint with outermost two veins very fine, almost merged with blade margins and usually disappearing into blade margins when 7 main veins present, slightly prominent on both surfaces; transverse veins numerous, parallel, at angles of 80–90° with midrib; veinlets reticulate, tessellate abaxially. Inflorescence a supra-axillary spike, in 1–3 serials, either with bisexual or male flowers; rachis ascending or drooping, 1–2 cm long, with 8–12 flowers, densely pannose with brown matted hairs 0.12–0.25 mm long; bracts deltoid to lanceolate, 0.8–1.9 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, sparsely pannose adaxially, densely pannose abaxially, margin pilose-ciliate, each with one axillary flower; flower buds globose, ca. 1.2 mm in diam., pannose with matted hairs. Flowers polygamous, 4-merous; bisexual flowers 3.3–4.0 mm long, sessile; receptacle broadly cylindrical, 8-ribbed, ca. 1.3 mm long, same in diam., base a little attenuate, densely pannose outside; sepals ovate, 2.5–2.8 mm long, ca. 1.6 mm wide at the base, apex acute, sparsely pannose abaxially, margins ciliate; petals ca. 2 mm long, base entire, ca. 0.4 mm wide, irregularly laciniate from middle or a little lower, filiform laciniae 5–7; stamens 8, filament filiform, ca. 2 mm long, subulate, base broadened, distally attenuate, anthers ovate with apex mucronate, ca. 0.3 mm long; styles 4, free, ca. 2 mm long, base clavate, 0.20–0.25 mm in diam., glabrous, stigma subcapitate, ca. 0.25 mm in diam. male flowers ca. 3 mm long, shortly pedicelled, pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long, densely pannose; sepals to 1.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, proximally connate to ca. 0.6 mm , distally separate, densely pannose at base, distally sparsely pannose; petals and stamens similar to bisexual flowers; pistil rudimentary, styles 4, free, subulate, 0.4–0.6 mm long. Fruit a drupe, ellipsoid, ca. 3.3 cm long, 1.6 cm in diam., attenuate to both ends, apex with persistent sepals. Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in March; fruiting time unknown. Habitat and distribution: —Common in lowland jungles and occasionally in montane rain forests; 100–750(?–2300) m. Sri Lanka ( Figure 24 ). Vernacular names: — Welle peine . Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea cinnamomoides is the only species of the genus occurring in Sri Lanka . It was published twice with two different names in the same year ( Gardner 1849 , Hooker & Bentham 1849 ). When Bentham published the name A. zeylanica (as “ Anisophyllum zeylanicum ”) he explicitly acknowledged that the same species had been published the same year by Gardner ( Hooker & Bentham 1849: 575 ). However, Bentham’s name A. zeylanica was used for a long time by other authors (e.g., Hooker & Thomson 1858 , Beddome 1872 , Henslow 1878 , Gamble 1881 , Trimen 1894 , Foxworthy 1909 ) before Alston (1931) transferred Gardner’s epithet to Anisophyllea . Neither Gardner nor Bentham clearly indicated type specimens of their names. Gardner (1849) implied that the type of his name could be collections by J.G. Champion from Galle (in southern province) a couple of years before 1847 or even any specimens collected by Gardner. Bentham (in Hooker & Bentham 1849 ) mentioned that his name was based on specimens collected by Walker . Thwaites (1853) cited under Gardner’s species name a gathering with the field number 2205 but without collector(s) at PDA (“Herb. Hort. Bot. Reg. Perad.”) when he completely described the species. Since Gardner was based at PDA when he published the name, the specimen no. 2205 at PDA (not seen by us) should be the holotype . We found an isotype at L. It is possible that a lectotype needs to be designated if the gathering 2205 at PDA contains more than one sheet or if it does not exist at PDA. For A. zeylanica , we found three duplicates of Walker’s material (field no. 80 ) at K, one of which is designated as the lectotype here. Additional specimens examined: — SRI LANKA . Central : Botan , Garde , Peradeniya , 450 m , April 1969 , Kostermans s.n. ( L ). Sabaragamuwa : Gilimale Forest Reserve , 24 July 1970 , W . Meijer 486 (US); Rassagalle near Balangoda, 750 m , 20 May 1969 , Kostermans 23568 ( L ); Walankanda, Ratnapura District , 800 m , 2 May 1976 , S . Waas 1570 ( MO , NY ). Sabarabamuwa (?): Sanasgama between Pelmadulla and Ratnapura , 29 September 1968 , W . Macmae 1855 ( US ). Southern: Galle District , Honoduma, 300 m , 10 March 1972 , L . H . Cramer 3694 (US); About 40 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. 4 miles S. W. of Weddagla Sinharaja Forest ,? 2100–2300 m , 27 October 1976 , F . R . Fosberg & Shelton Waas 56494 ( K , NY ). Western : Morapitiya Forest Reserve Ratnapura District , 25 July 1978 , W . Meijer 2029 ( L !, MO !). Province not located: Circa Mandagla , Halutera district , 100 m , 4 July 1975 , L . Bernardi 15711 ( MO , US ); S . W . Sri Lanka , 150 m , November 1978 , Kosvermans 27144 ( K ), 200 m , 03 September 1979 , Kosvermans 27292 ( L ); Without locality, no date, s.c. 2245 ( USAD ); s. c. & s.n. ( K ) .