Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models Author Casali, Daniel M Author Boscaini, Alberto Author Gaudin, Timothy J Author Perini, Fernando A text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2022 2022-12-01 196 4 1505 1551 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1505/6617197 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041 0024-4082 7381236 Prepotheriinae PP = 99, age = 17.11 Mya (16.20–18.61). The clade is composed of the genera Prepotherium , Planops and Prepoplanops and was consistently recovered in all of our analyses. Planops was recovered as the sister taxon to a clade uniting the other two genera in all but four analyses, those with H models— IW10_e, IW10_p, IW5_e and IW5_p. In these cases, Prepotherium assumed a stem position. Prepotheriinae was supported by 14 synapomorphies (ten for both methods and four exclusively for BI): absence of fossa anterior to Cf1 (BI); posterior segments of temporal lines run anterior to but closely parallel the nuchal crest (BI); postorbital process roughly at the level of maxillary foramen; triangular occiput in posterior view (BI); condyles lie just posterior, almost continuous with hypoglossal foramina (BI); absence of styliform process of ectotympanic; anteroposterior orientation of entotympanic; ventrolateral orientation of stylohyal articulation; presence of glenoid posterior shelf; strongly marked brachiocephalicus crest of humerus; medial epicondyle of humerus rounded to slightly pointed laterally; proximal half of femur wider than distal half; calcaneus tuberous and expanded, with distal apex rounded; and confluence of sustentacular facet and cuboid surface of calcaneus.