Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia Author Cuesta-Porta, Víctor Author Caicedo, Guadalupe Author Hanson, Paul Author Pujade-Villar, Juli text Zootaxa 2018 2018-09-04 4471 1 111 124 journal article 29488 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.4 96ca21a9-aeb1-4d05-849f-38e1b7c4d8f4 1175-5326 1439553 A51667FD-8D03-432D-B2BE-916FB6443035 Gatesina colombiana Pujade-Villar, Caicedo & Cuesta-Porta n. sp. Figs 1‒22 Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀, deposited in IAvH, with the following labels: “J. B. José Celestino Mutis (Bogotá D.C., Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4.6682581 N, 74.1000085 W, ( 16‒xii‒2007 ) 17/ 25‒i‒2008 , Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , G. Caicedo leg.” (white label); “Holotype ♀, Gatesina colombiana n. sp. Pujade-Villar, Caicedo & Cuesta-Porta, desig. 2018” (red label). PARATYPES (46♂ 59♀): 16♂ 8♀, same data as Holotype (9♂ 3♀ IAvH and 7♂ 5♀ col. UB), ( 26–i–2011 ) 22–ii–2011 : 1♂ 12♀ (IAvH); Bogotá D.C. (Cundinamarca, Colombia), Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , v–2000 : 5♂ 11♀ (UB), G. Caicedo leg.; Engativá (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4.6858718 N, 74.0805436 W, Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , ( 16‒vii‒2012 ) 07‒viii‒2012 : 3♂ 10♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg.; J.B. B (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia), Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla , ( 30‒ix‒2010 ) 12‒x‒2010 : 5♂ (IAvH), Caicedo leg.; Teusaquillo, (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4.6374074 N, 74.0848960 W, Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla , ( 10‒viii‒2007 ) 10‒viii‒2007 : 4♂ 4♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg.; Vereda Olarte (Usme, Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4.4424940 N, 74.1335230 W, Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 23‒x‒2010 ) 27‒x‒2010 : 3♂ 2♀ (UB), G. Caicedo leg.; Mochuelo alto, Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4.5257735 N, 74.1410898 W, Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla ( 30‒ix‒2010 ) 03‒x‒2010 : 3♂ 4♀ (CNC), 3♂ 4♀ (UB), 3♂ 4♀ (USNM), Caicedo leg. Additional material ( 65♂ & 67♀ ). Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis ( JBB ) ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6682581 N , 74.1000085 W , Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , ( 09‒viii‒2007 ) viii‒2009 : 1♂ 1♀ (IAvH), ( 05‒iii‒2008 ) : 1♀ (IAvH), ( 08‒vii‒2009 ), 13‒vii‒2009 : 2♂ 7♀ (IAvH), ( 11‒xi‒2009 ) 05‒xii‒2009 : 1♀ (IAvH), ( 31‒viii‒2010 ) 08‒ix / 05‒x‒2010 : 4♂ 10♀ (IAvH), ( 07‒i‒2011 ) 07‒i‒2011 : 2♂ 4♀ (IAvH), ( 21‒i‒2011 ) 25‒ii‒ 2011 : 1♂ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg.; JBB ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), Ex Myrcianthes “intermediate type ”, ( 17‒ix‒2010 ) 18/ 25‒ix‒2010 : 4♂ 1♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; JBB ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 07‒i‒2010 ) 22‒iii‒2010 : 1♂ (IAvH), ( 30‒ix‒2010 ) 10‒x‒2010 : 1♂ 3♀ (IAvH), Caicedo leg. ; Engativá ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6858718 N , 74.0805436 W , Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , ( 16‒vi‒2012 ) 24‒vii‒2012 : 3♂ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Vereda Olarte ( Usme , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.4424940 N , 74.1335230 W , Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 14‒xii‒2010 ) 23‒xii‒2010 : 7♂ 10♀ (UB), ( 20‒i‒2011 ) 18‒ii‒2011 : 4♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Teusaquillo , ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 12‒i‒2010 ) 23‒i / 11‒ii‒2010 : 7♂ 2♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Bogotá D.C. ( Cundinamarca , Colombia ), Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , v‒2000 : 2♀ (UB), G. Caicedo leg. ; Ministerio de defensa ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6447300 N , 74.0956400 W , Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides ( 01‒xi‒2009 ) 01‒xi‒2009 : 1♂ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Estación Avenida Rojas ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6617055 N , 74.1092373 W , Ex Myrcianthes “rough type ”, ( 12‒i‒2012 ) 21‒i‒2012 : 1♂ 1♀ (IAvH), G, Caicedo leg. ; Centro Administrativo Nacional ( CAM ) ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6453341 N , 74.0953653 W , Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 12–i–2010 ) 21–i–2010 : 3♂ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Parque Mirador de los Nevados, Suba ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.7422268 N , 74.0806013 W , Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 25‒iv‒2010 ) 13‒v‒2010 : 1♂ 1♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Engativá ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6858718 N , 74.0805436 W , Ex Myrcianthes rhopaloides , ( 17–ii–2014 ) 27–ii–2014 : 20♂ 15♀ (UB), Caicedo leg. ; Doña Juana , Ciudad Bolívar ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ) 4.4982951 N , 74.1426887 W , Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 30‒ix‒2010 ) 15‒x‒ 2010 : 5♂ 1♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. ; Humedal de Santa Maria de Lago ( Bogotá , Cundinamarca , Colombia ), 4.6947098 N , 74.0929792 W , Ex Myrcianthes leucoxyla, ( 13‒x‒2010 ): 1♂ 3♀ (IAvH), G. Caicedo leg. FIGURES 1–12. Gatesina colombiana . 1, 2: head, frontal view (1, female; 2, male); 3: clypeus detail (female); 4, 5: head, posterior view (4, female; 5, male); 6–8: antennae (6, female; 7, female scape; 8, male scape and pedicel); 9–12: female mesosoma (9, dorsal view; 10, ventral view; 11, lateral view; 12, epicnemium in frontal view). Description. FEMALE ( Figs 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12‒14, 16, 17, 19, 20 ). Length 2.7‒5.1 mm (n = 60). Color ( Figs 19, 20 ). Mainly amber with darker parts dorsally. Head amber with black area variable in size, but always covering ocellar area and never reaching dorsal margin of eyes. Mesosoma amber; pronotum dorsally blackened in middle third; mesoscutum dorsally black covering notauli, posterodorsal amber area with triangular to rhomboidal shape usually present; scutellum dark-brown to black, often with anterior amber stain continuous with amber part of mesoscutum. Metasoma amber with dorsal part darkened, forming a thin longitudinal stripe not wider than 0.25× total height of metasoma in lateral view; 7th gastral segment not darkened; 8th gastral segment strongly darkened. Ovipositor amber colored. Wings hyaline. Legs yellowish-amber, usually lighter than the body. FIGURES 13–22. Gatesina colombiana . 13: mesosoma, mesepimeral-metapleural junction (female); 14, 15: propodeum, posterior view (14, female; 15, male); 17, 18: metasoma (17, female; 18, male); 19, 20: female, coloration and wing venation (19, lateral view; 20, dorsal view); 21, 22: male, coloration and wing venation (21, lateral view; 22, dorsal view). Head ( Figs 1, 3, 4 ). Subtrapezoidal in frontal view. Distance between posterior ocelli equal to distance between posterior and anterior ocellus, forming an equilateral triangle. Distance between eye and posterior ocellus similar to distance between mesal margins of posterior ocelli. Anterior ocellus outside scrobal depression. Upper face rugulose to finely carinate and sparsely pubescent. Scrobal depression laterally margined; smooth except for the upper margin where sculpture gradually becomes rugulose and elevates to merge with upper face; rugulose sculpture extends into median part of scrobal depression forming a right angle with the vertex, and extending ventrally to center of depression. Intertorular space smooth. Lower face with crests radiating from clypeus; striations almost glabrous, but sparse pubescence below intertorular space and near anteroventral eye margin extending to upper face. Malar space 0.3‒0.4× eye height. Eye facets equal in size. Clypeus concave and emarginate; 6 long setae surrounding clypeus and surpassing its ventral margin. Gena strongly carinate from clypeus to malar space, then bifurcating in subgenal area, with faint postorbital carina; posteriorly faintly carinate and without tooth above lateral edge of oral fossa as is usually the case in Rileyinae . Vertex regularly arcuate; pubescence and sculpture as for upper face and posterior gena. Occiput glabrous and with imbricate sculpture. Postgenal groove present on both sides of foramen magnum, ventrally emarginate. Postgenal bridge slightly depressed relative to occiput; finely imbricate with faint transverse striations and sparsely pubescent; median stripe 0.33× distance between tentorial pits, with longitudinal cuticular folds and digitiform expansions (about10 µm long). Postgenal sulci deep, ventrally convergent and inner margin of sulci overlapping outer margin. Post genal depression forming subventral tooth at level of gena-postgena; delimited dorsally by a carina which is laterally connected to subgenal carina. Hypostomal bridge present, connecting both hypostomal carinae, which borders the hypostomal fossa. FIGURE 23. Phylogram of mitochondrial COI gene obtained from Bayesian Inference analyses. Matrix used consisted of 62 taxa and 2 outgroups ( Glyphomerus stigma ), including the possible hosts of Gatesina colombiana ( Sycophila n. sp. and Eurytoma n. sp. ). Nodal support calculated by posterior probability. Antennae ( Figs 6, 7 ) 13-segmented with characteristic Rileyinae antennal formula: 1:1:2:6:3. Scape 3.0× longer than its maximum width; depression to accommodate funicle present on distal half of ventral surface. Pedicel as long as broad or slightly longer; slightly dorsoventrally asymmetrical; pedicel bent towards ventral side creating an antennal curvature in lateral view. Both anelli transverse with single row of setae on distal margin; total length similar to first funicular segment. Funicular segments subquadrate (0.6‒0.7× as long as broad); sensilla and setae similar in length. Clava 2× longer than broad; first segment clearly visible, second and third segments fused. FIGURE 24. Cladogram using Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007) modified morphological matrix for Rileyinae (red), Heimbrinae (orange) and some Eurytominae species (blue) including the possible hosts of Gatesina colombiana ( Sycophila n. sp. and Eurytoma n. sp. ). One Chalcididae (green) outgroup appearing in the middle of the tree is also marked. Trees obtained using Maximum Parsimony methods and Implied Weighting with k = 5. Resulting tree had 626 steps and fit of 41.842. Nodal support calculated by bootstrapping (up) and symmetric resampling (down); only support values over 50% are shown. Mesosoma ( Figs 9‒14, 16 ). Pronotum and mesoscutum with discontinuous fine transverse striae; interstices alutaceous and with sparse homogeneous pubescence. Pronotum 0.5‒0.6× as long as mesoscutum in dorsal view; lateral depression glabrous and with fine imbricate sculpture at level of prepectus; collar anteriorly emarginate. Prosternum showing a mesal, laminate and setose projection. Prepectus in lateral view 0.4‒0.5× as long as tegula and ventrally emarginate; hardly visible in ventral view, deeply depressed, margined by procoxal insertion anteriorly, by epicnemium posteriorly and laterally by pronotal lateral projections. Mesothoracic spiracle not visible between prepectus, pronotum and mesoscutum. Mesothorax 1.6× higher than pronotum in lateral view. Mesopleuron mostly smooth and glabrous, mesepimeron posteriorly striate. Mesepisternum separated from mesepimeron by a notch. Adscrobal area laterally margined by adscrobal carina; dorsal third smooth and glabrous, reticulate sculpture and pubescent in lower third; ventral third inclined and forming a bevel. Epicnemium differentiated from adscrobal area by a change in sculpture, finely imbricate and glabrous; median part raised towards anterior prothorax, more steeply projecting in dorsal part; medioventral area slightly depressed relative to rest of epicnemium; depression smooth and pubescent, emarginate, forming an oval-shaped structure; ventral part of epicnemium delimited by a strong ventrally projected carina, merging laterally with adscrobal area. Notauli complete but superficial. Mesoscutellum 0.8× as long as broad, finely alveolate with coriaceous interstices; axillar grooves superficial and separated from one another by transscutal line; posterior scutellar margin ecarinate and projecting slightly above propodeum. Postscutellum partially covered by scutellar projection; with fine longitudinal carinae; with transverse carina on posterior margin that becomes weaker medially. Propodeum with fine transverse to oblique discontinuous longitudinal carinae and alutaceous interstices; with strongly raised median and transverse carina; longitudinal carinae radiating from nucha to transverse carina, two on each side of median carina; in posterior view two rows of setae converging from beneath level of spiracle to inferior margin of nucha; spiracles round. Legs ( Figs 16, 19‒22 ). Procoxa finely striate, proximal and distal depressions present and ecarinate; sparse anterior pubescence between both depressions not reaching inner margin of distal depression; triangle-shaped cuticular projection curved downwards, covering anterior part of distal depression and trochanter. Mesocoxa laterally pubescent except for a distal glabrous area reaching its maximum width near trochanter insertion and narrowing towards center of mesocoxa. Metacoxa 2.1‒2.3× longer than mesocoxa; posterior surface glabrous, with transverse striae, distally margined by strong carina; anterior surface pubescent near proximal and distal margins, glabrous in median part and with imbricate sculpture; lateral surface with a longitudinal band of setae not broader than 1/5 maximum metacoxal width, this band separating the two sculptured surfaces. Tarsal claws with small basal tooth. Front wings ( Figs 19, 20 ) hyaline. Marginal vein thickened, 2× wider than postmarginal vein. Stigmal vein short and 0.5× as wide as marginal vein and then broadened into a stigma 2× broader than marginal vein. Postmarginal vein 1.2‒1.6× as long as marginal vein. FIGURE 25. Cladogram using Gates (2008) modified morphological matrix for Rileyinae species and setting Heimbra opaca (Heimbrinae) as outgroup. Trees obtained using Maximum Parsimony methods and Implied Weighting with k = 3. Resulting tree had 70 steps and fit of 2.70. Nodal support calculated by bootstrapping (left) and symmetric resampling (right), only support values over 50% are shown. Metasoma ( Figs 17, 19, 20 ). Virtually sessile. Petiole transverse and not dorsally visible. Gaster strongly compressed laterally. First tergite reduced, not reaching ventral gastral margin; smooth, with sparse lateral pubescence. Second gastral tergite reduced in dorsal view, 0.33× as long as first tergite; glabrous. Third gastral tergite equal to or slightly longer than fourth tergite and as long as the combined length of GsT1+ GsT2; with fine imbricate sculpture and few setae distributed on lateral surfaces. GsT4‒T6 with same sculpture as GsT3, but pubescence more extended on lateral surfaces, and equal in length to GsT5+GsT6. GsT6‒T8 dorsally curved, forming a right angle. Syntergum and ovipositor perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body. MALE ( Figs 2, 5, 8, 11 , 15, 18, 21, 22 ). Similar to female except: average body length shorter ( 1.8‒4.6 mm , n=46); color similar to female or more uniformly colored, ranging from dark-brown to yellowish-amber (smallest individuals tend to be darker colored and larger individuals lighter and more yellowish). Fine longitudinal carina in center of antennal scrobe, originating from center of depression and merging with elevated and finely carinate dorsal margin. Scape with ventral depression 0.6× as long as female depression, occupying distal third of scape. Petiole visible; rugulose-granulate, glabrous; quadrate in lateral view, 1.2× longer than broad in dorsal view; petiole tergite highly convex and inserted into dorsal part of GsT1; strong transverse carina surrounding anterior margin of petiole dorsally and laterally, carina ending in two ventral spurs. Metasoma pyriform, broadened on fourth and fifth gastral segments, not compressed. GsT1 not noticeably reduced, 2× longer than petiole laterally and equal to the sum of GsT2+GsT3; with V-shaped notch in dorsal view, due to petiole insertion; smooth and with scattered setae laterally. GsT2 reduced, 0.13‒0.10× as long as GsT1 dorsally; smooth and glabrous. GsT3‒T6 smooth at their posterior margin and imbricate-alutaceous in central parts; with sparse pubescence. GsT3 slightly shorter than GsT4, the latter similar in length to GsT5. GsT6 0.20‒0.25× as long as GsT5. Metasoma not dorsally bent, syntergum horizontal. Etymology. In reference to the country where this specie has been found ( Colombia ). Gender. Feminine. Biology. Parasitoid of Eurytominae found in Myrcianthes ( Myrtaceae ) fruit galls ( Caicedo & Pujade-Villar 2017 ).