Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (IX): three new species of section Mitratae s. l. Author Lu, Yi-Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-3821 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions and School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China Author Lu, Zhao-Cen Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China Author Duan, Yu-Hao Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions and School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China Author Zhang, Kun Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions and School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China Author Jin, Xiao-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-6738 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions and School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China docxfjin@163.com text PhytoKeys 2023 2023-04-27 225 153 164 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.101410 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.101410 1314-2003-225-153 C1343DB482B751C092D0FA17D7CA0C45 1. Carex fatsuaniana X.F.Jin, Y.F.Lu & Z.C.Lu sp. nov. Fig. 1A-G Diagnostic description. This new species is similar to Carex truncatigluma C.B.Clarke, but differs in having utricles nearly glabrous, nutlets with a ca. 0.5 mm long beak at apex, staminate spikes cylindrical, 5-7.5 cm long, 4-5 mm wide, and pistillate glumes acuminate at apex. Figure 1. Carex fatsuaniana sp. nov. A habit B staminate glume C, D pistillate glume E utricle F nutlet. (Drawn by Xiao-Feng Jin; based on the holotype: C. W. Wang 88293 in PE). Type . China . Yunnan : Foo-ning [ Funing County ], Ban-loun [Banlun Township], under dense-thickets, alt. 700 m , 10 Apr 1940 , C. W. Wang 88293 ( holotype : PE!; isotypes: IBK00181423!, PE!) . Description. Perennial herbs. Rhizomes woody, obliquely ascending. Culms lateral, 45-60 cm tall, trigonous, smooth, base with short leaves and brown fibrous sheaths. Leaves longer than culms, blades flat, leathery, 4.5-9 mm wide, scabrous on upper surfaces and margins. Bracts leaf-like or shortly leaf-like, base with 1-2.5 cm long sheath. Spikes 6; terminal spike staminate, cylindrical, 5-7.5 cm long, 4-5 mm wide, base with 8-20 mm long peduncles; lateral spikes pistillate, cylindrical, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, densely flowered, with peduncles exserted from or enclosed in sheaths. Staminate glumes elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, pale brown, 7-7.5 mm long, apex acuminate, with 3-veined yellow-brown costa. Pistillate glumes ovate-elliptic or obovate, pale yellow, 2.5-3 mm long, apex acuminate and mucronate, or acute, with 3-veined yellow-brown costa. Utricles yellow-green, narrowly ellipsoid-ovoid, obtusely trigonous, 4-4.5 mm long, longer than pistillate glumes, membranous, obliquely patent, distinctly thinly veined, nearly glabrous, base gradually cuneate, short-stipitate, apex gradually contracted into a ca. 1 mm long beak, orifice 2-lobed with short teeth. Nutlets tightly enveloped, brown, ovoid, trigonous, 2.5-3 mm long, with 3 sides slightly concave below, base short-stipitate, apex contracted into a ca. 0.5 mm long cylindrical beak; style base slightly thickened; stigmas 3. Etymology. The specific epithet ' fatsuaniana ' is in honour of Prof. Fa-Tsuan Wang (Fa-Zuan Wang, 1899-1985), the taxonomic founder of Chinese monocots. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting occur in early April. Conservation status. Data Deficient (DD). Only four sheets ( C. W. Wang 88293 ) of the new species were collected by Chi-Wu Wang in 1940 from the type locality. Adequate information is lacking on its distribution and population status to make a direct or indirect assessment of the risk of extinction ( IUCN 2019 ). Notes. Carex fatsuaniana has nutlets contracted distally into a ca. 0.5 mm long cylindrical beak at the apex, which morphologically belongs to sect. Carex Lageniformes and is similar to C. truncatigluma ( Dai et al. 2010 ). In sect. Carex Lageniformes , the species has terminal staminate spikes thinly linear-clavate, whereas those of the new species are cylindrical, 5-7.5 cm long, 4-5 mm wide. The characters distinguishing the new species from C. truncatigluma are shown in Table 1 . Table 1. Morphological characters distinguishing Carex fatsuaniana from C. truncatigluma .

Characters	C. fatsuaniana	C. truncatigluma
1. Staminate spike	Cylindrical, 5-7.5 cm long, 4-5 mm wide	Thinly linear-clavate, 1-2 cm long, 1-2 mm wide
2. Staminate glume	Elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 7-7.5 mm long, acuminate at apex	Oblong-ovate or ovate, 3-3.5 mm long, obtuse at apex
3. Pistillate glume	Ovate-elliptic or obovate, acuminate and mucronate, or acute at apex	Broadly obovate, obtuse, truncate or emarginate at apex, sometimes short-awned or mucronate.
4. Utricle	Nearly glabrous	Pubescent
5. Nutlet	Beak ca. 0.5 mm long, cylindrical	Beak 0.5-1.5 mm long, thick-cylindrical

Based on the phylogenetic scaffold for the Carex classification ( Roalson et al. 2021 ), the sampled species in sect. Carex Lageniformes were arranged in two clades: Carex breviscapa and C. longicolla in Tristachya clade, and Carex truncatigluma in Truncatigluma clade, but C. densipilosa was placed in the uncertain group. The new species, Carex fatsuaniana , is mostly closed to C. truncatigluma in morphology, so it's temporarily placed in the Truncatigluma clade.