Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Author
HUBER, BERNHARD A.
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-09-07
3461
1
1
138
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
journal article
53629
10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
664d9cee-5b75-4788-a394-6b35a37de652
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0704C43A-73D8-4A28-915A-7FF8611C8606
Smeringopus hypocrita
Simon, 1910
Figs. 424–425
,
438, 443–444
,
459–460
,
476–482
Smeringopus hypocrita
Simon 1910: 190
(except female from Kubub; see
S. similis
).
Kraus 1957: 232–233
, figs. 53–58.
Kraus 1984: 380
, fig. 6 (copied from
Kraus 1957
).
Types. Male
lectotype
(see Notes below) and
2♀
paralectotypes
from
South Africa
,
Northern Cape Province
,
Kamaggas
[=
Komaggas
,
29°47.9’S
,
17°29.2’E
], 1904 (
L. Schultze
), in
ZMB
(2 vials: 10462, 10464)
.
1♀
1 juv.
(2 vials)
paralectotypes
from
South Africa
,
Northern Cape Province
,
Steinkopf
[
29°15.8’S
,
17°44.1’E
], 1904 (
L. Schultze
), in
ZMB
(10463, second vial without number)
.
2♂
1♀
paralectotypes
from
Namibia
, “Gubub” [locality not identified, see Notes below], date not given [1903–1905] (
L. Schultze
), in
MNHN
(10483). All types examined.
FIGURES 438–450.
Smeringopus hypocrita
group, male prosomata, oblique frontal views and left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views. 438.
S. hypocrita
. 439.
S. sederberg
. 440.
S. ubicki
. 441.
S. dehoop
. 442.
S. atomarius
. 443–444.
S. hypocrita
. 445–446.
S. sederberg
. 447–448.
S. lotzi
. 449–450.
S. ubicki
.
Notes.
Kraus (1957)
explicitly designated the male from Komaggas as
lectotype
, but on labels he identified one of the
two females
as
lectotype
and the male and the second female as
paralectotypes
. I follow the publication rather than the labels and consider the male as the
lectotype
.
The paralectotype-locality “Gubub” (=Kubub?) could not be identified; at least six Kubub exist in southern
Namibia
.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from similar congeners by shapes of procursus (distal structures,
Figs. 476, 477
), bulb (processes of embolus,
Figs. 480, 481
), very lateral cheliceral apophyses (
Fig. 478
; similar
S. sederberg
and
S. atomarius
), and shape of epigynum (
Fig. 459
; simple plate with small round pockets in very lateral position; like
S. sederberg
).
Male (Kap Kap). Total body length 4.8, carapace width 1.7. Leg 1: 39.1 (10.4 + 0.6 + 10.1 + 15.8 + 2.2), tibia 2: 7.1, tibia 3: 5.8, tibia 4: 8.1; tibia 1 L/d: 57. Habitus as in
Fig. 424
. Carapace ochre-yellow with brown median and lateral marks, clypeus with pair of dark stripes, sternum ochre-yellow with brown pattern, leg femora and tibiae with whitish tips and dark subdistal rings, abdomen ochre-gray with distinct dorsal and ventral pattern. Distance PME-PME 140 µm, diameter PME 140 µm, distance PME-ALE 55 µm, distance AME-AME 60 µm, diameter AME 120 µm. Ocular area slightly elevated, secondary eyes with small ‘pseudo-lenses’; deep thoracic pit. Chelicerae with distal apophyses in very lateral position (
Figs. 478, 479
). Palps as in
Figs. 443 and 444
, coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis, trochanter barely modified, femur with retrolateral furrow with distinct proximal rim, procursus with distinctive distal processes (
Figs. 476, 477
), bulb with distinctive complex embolus (
Figs. 480, 481
; very similar
S. sederberg
). Legs without spines, few vertical hairs, with curved hairs on metatarsi 1 and 2; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 2.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Gonopore with two epiandrous spigots.
FIGURES 451–458.
Smeringopus hypocrita
group, left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views. 451–452.
S. dehoop
. 453–454.
S. atomarius
. 455–456.
S. uisib
. 457–458.
S. tombua
.
FIGURES 459–474.
Smeringopus hypocrita
group, epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 459–460.
S. hypocrita
. 461–462.
S. sederberg
. 463–464.
S. lotzi
. 465–466.
S. ubicki
. 467–468.
S. dehoop
. 469–470.
S. atomarius
. 471–472.
S. uisib
. 473–474.
S. tombua
.
Variation. In the male from
Cape
Town the lateral marks on the carapace are absent and the dorsal membranous element on the procursus (arrow in
Fig. 477
) is slightly more sclerotized and curved. The
lectotype
is bleached and both palps are detached; the dorsal membranous element on the procursus is slightly narrower; tibia 1: 8.6. Tibia
1 in
3 other males: 8.4, 8.8, 11.7.
Female. In general similar to male; tibia
1 in
5 females
: 8.1–13.5 (mean 9.6). Epigynum a simple plate with round pockets in very lateral position (
Fig. 459
; very similar
S. sederberg
); internal genitalia as in
Figs. 460
and
482
(the strong folding of the frontal ‘valve’ is probably an artifact).
Distribution. Known from several localities in western
South Africa
and from an unidentified locality (“Gubub”) in southern
Namibia
(
Fig. 475
). Specimens from near Loeriesfontein and Garies are assigned tentatively because no males are known from these localities and the very similar
S. sederberg
occurs only slightly further south. The female from Neudamm (
Namibia
) assigned by
Kraus (1957)
to
S. hypocrita
is very probably
S. atomarius
(see below).
Material
examined.
SOUTH AFRICA
:
Northern Cape Prov.
:
Komaggas
:
1♂
2♀
types
above.
Steinkopf
:
1♀
type
above.
Namaqualand
,
Garies
[
30°34.1’S
,
17°59.4’E
],
14.xi.1949
(
B. Malkin
),
1♀
in
CAS
.
10 km
NW
Loeriesfontein
[~
30°52.3’S
,
19°22.3’E
],
Calvinia, under stones
,
21.x.1990
(
L.N. Lotz
),
1♀
in
NMBA
(
5481
)
;
same locality,
22.x.1990
(
S. Louw
),
1♀
1 juv.
in
NMBA
(
5500
)
.
Namaqualand
,
Kap Kap
[~
30°15’S
,
18°27’E
], under stones,
20.x.1990
(
L.N. Lotz
),
1♂
1♀
in
NMBA
(
5450
)
.
Western Cape Prov.
:
Cape
Town
,
Lions Head
[
33°56’S
,
18°23’E
], no date (
N. Larson
), “slide no 128”,
1♂
in
NCP
(92/6)
.
NAMIBIA
: “Gubub”,
2♂
1♀
types
above
.