Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellén, 1948) (Tenthredinidae) Author Grearson, K. John 10 Eastfield, Ashton Keynes, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN 6 6 PR, England. E-mail: grearsonkj @ waitrose. com Author Liston, Andrew D. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany. text Zootaxa 2012 2012-10-01 3502 72 88 journal article 1175-5326 0656CC63-BC6D-40DB-9388-D736823AC073 Pristiphora leucopus Adults with mainly white hind femora (summer morph), and larvae England : Gloucestershire : Minchinhampton Common (SO862008), 5 larvae on T. cordata , 6.6.2008 . 2♀ emerged 21.6.2008 , one with white hind femora, leg. KJG. 1 parasitic wasp emerged 4.6.2008 , leg. KJG . Norfolk : Oxborough , 3 larvae on T. cordata collected by J. Badmin , 4.6.2004 . 3♀ emerged 14– 16.6.2004 , leg. KJG . Surrey : Wisley , RHS Gardens , Tilia Arboretum (TQ064577), 1♀ swept 19.6.2002 , 1♀ swept 7.7.2005 , leg. AJH . Further rearings from Wisley stock. The ♀ arising from eggs laid by black-legged females, rearing code KJG/2011/02 (see below), were used to establish several consecutive rearings: white-legged females emerged from rearing KJG/2011/07 (second spring generation) on 18 / 19.6.2011 and were used to start rearing KJG/2011/13 (third spring generation) from which emerged 14 white-legged ♀ between 20– 25.7.2011 . These ♀ were used to start a fourth generation rearing on T. × europaea (rearing KJG/2011/14) and 13 ♀ emerged 25– 28.8.2011 . One additional ♀ with black hind femora was found dead in the box on 8.9.2011 . 7 ♀ from this rearing were used to start a fifth generation feeding on T. × europaea , (rearing KJG/2011/18); some of the larvae were fed on T. cordata and some on T. × europaea , 11 ♀ emerged 21– 27.9.2011 . 10 of the fifth-generation ♀ were placed in a sleeve with T. cordata twigs 21– 24.9.2011 (rearing KJG/2011/21), but no oviposition was noted and no larvae found, leg. KJG. Wiltshire : Ashton Keynes (SU048938), 1 larva on Tilia × europaea, 6.7.2003 , 1♀ emerged 18.7.2003 , leg. KJG. 1♀ swept 7.4.2011 at Upper Waterhay SSSI, Ashton Keynes (SU068937), an unimproved neutral meadow with no Tilia , leg. KJG. Warminster (ST879442), 2 larvae on T. cordata , 8.7.2003 , 2♀ emerged 22.7.2003 , leg. KJG. Water Eaton (SU0133950), 2 larvae on T. cordata , 28.7.2003 , 2♀ emerged 10 and 11.8.2003 , leg. KJG; 1 larva on T. cordata , 1♀ emerged 12.6.2004 , leg. KJG. Brinkworth, Webb’s Wood (SU045855); five larvae on T. cordata , 1.6.2004 , 2♀ emerged 11 and 12.6.2004 ; 1♀ swept 22.7.2005 ; many larvae beaten 20.7.2008 from T. cordata , 19♀ emerged 28.7.– 5.8.2008 ; 1early instar larva beaten from T. cordata , 28.8.2009 ; 1♀ taken with last, laid eggs in captivity from which larvae were reared, 1♀ emerged 24.9.2009 , leg. KJG. Swindon , Purton Stoke (SU095897), 10 larvae on T. × europaea , 4.6.2004 , 4 preserved and 5♀ emerged 12.6.2004 , leg. KJG. Dauntsey (ST993819), 1 larva beaten from T. × europaea , 4.6.2004 , released. Purton (SU093875), 2 larvae on T. × europaea , 4.6.2004 , released. Finland : U. Helsinki : 1♀ , Laajasalo , leg. E.O. Peltonen (from L.H. Woollatt collection, BMNH ) . Laajasalo , 1♀ with left antenna missing, 1964, leg. E.O. Peltonen (from L.H. Woollatt collection, BMNH ) . Viipuri : 1♀ , leg. M. Hayrynen , det. O. Conde in 1942 as P. ruficornis , det. Lindqvist 1956 as P. leucopus . N. Munksnäs : 1♀ without head, 1967, det. Lindqvist (from L.H. Woollatt collection, BMNH ) ; 1♀ , 29.7.1965 , det. Lindqvist , dissection on slide no. 21.14.66.1 ( BMNH ) . Also a drawing by VV from a slide of penisvalve of a male from Helsinki, ex ovo, leg. E. Peltonen (leg colour unknown). Germany (all leg. ADL, coll. SDEI ): Brandenburg : Müncheberg , 2♀ , 10.8.2011 . Trebnitz , 1♀ , 11.9.2011 . Waldsieversdorf , 3 larvae and two cocoons collected from T. cordata , 2.6.2010 , given to KJG for rearing on 4.6.2010 . These larvae would only eat T. cordata . 3♀ emerged 13– 16.6.2010 . 11♀ , 1♂ , swept 2.9.2011 , slide of penisvalves KJG/X193,1 large larva, 11.9.2011 ; 2♀ , 3.9.2011 ; 1♀ , 1 large larva, 10.9.2011 ; 1♀ , 13.9.2011 ; 1♀ , 17.9.2011 ; 1♀ , 21.9.2011 ; 2 large larvae, 26.9.2011 ; all swept from T. cordata .