Taxonomy and phylogenetic studies revealed Parabambusicola yunnanensis sp. nov. (Parabambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) on bamboo from Yunnan, China Author Han, Li-Su 0000-0001-5380-9928 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & llianfungi @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5380 - 9928 Author Dai, Dong-Qin 0000-0001-8935-8807 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & cicidaidongqin @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8935 - 8807 cicidaidongqin@gmail.com Author Du, Tian-Ye 0000-0001-5380-9928 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & llianfungi @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5380 - 9928 Author Wijayawardene, Nalin N. 0000-0003-0522-5498 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No: 393 / 3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardane Mawatha, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka & nalinwijayawardene @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0522 - 5498 nalinwijayawardene@yahoo.com Author Promputtha, Itthayakorn 0000-0003-3376-4376 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand & itthayakorn. p @ cmu. ac. th; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3376 - 4376 itthayakorn.p@cmu.ac.th Author Bhat, D. Jayarama 0000-0002-3800-5910 No. 128 / 1 - J, Azad Cooperative Housing Society, Curca, P. O. Goa Velha 403108, India & bhatdj @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3800 - 5910 bhatdj@gmail.com Author Gao, Yong 0000-0002-0993-231X Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & gaoyong @ mail. qjnu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0993 - 231 X gaoyong@mail.qjnu.edu.cn text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-03-28 589 3 245 258 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.3 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.3 1179-3163 7776966 Parabambusicola yunnanensis L.S. Han & D.Q. Dai , sp. nov. ( Figure 2 ) Index Fungorum number: IF559989; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12952 Etymology : Named after the Yunnan Province of China , where the fungus was first discovered. Holotype : GMB1291 Saprobic on dead culm of bamboo. Sexual morph : Ascomata 300–500 μm diam., 190–280 μm high, gregarious, clustered in groups, immersed under a black area, raised with black subglobose area on host surface, hemispherical or conical with a flattened base in cross-section, uniloculate, with a central ostiole (with 50–90 μm diam., 55–100 μm long); forming a white floccose ascospore masses on surface of the ascomata. Peridium 5–20 μm thick, comprising host and fungal tissues, poorly developed at the base, fusing with host, 8–15 µm wide above, composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis , and palisade-like cells at the rims. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1–2.5 μm wide, filamentous or slenderly cylindrical, septate, branched pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–180 μm × 20–30 μm (x̄ =153 × 25 μm, n=20), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, cylindric-clavate to clavate, straight to slightly curved, subsessile to shortly pedicellate, with furcate or truncate pedicel, apically rounded, with an distinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 40–55 μm × 5–8 μm (x̄ =48 × 7 μm, n=20), 2–3-seriate, 1–2-septate when immature, 3-septate when mature, fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline, not constricted at the septa, smooth-wall with small guttules, covered by a thin, distinct gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph : Undetermined. FIGURE 2. Parabambusicola yunnanensis (GMB1291, holotype ). a . Bamboo specimen. b . Black ascomata on the host surface. c . Vertical sections of ascomata. d . Ostiole. e, f . Peridium . g . Pseudoparaphyses. h −k . Asci. l −o . Ascospores. p . An ascospore in India ink. q . A germinating ascospore. r . Cultures on PDA from above and below. Scale bars: b = 500 μm; c = 300 μm; d, h−k = 50 μm; e−g = 15 μm; l−q = 20 μm. TABLE 2. Morphological comparison between new species and other four known species of Parabambusicola .

Species name	Ascomata	Peridium	Asci	Ascospores	Hosts/habitats	Regions	Available sequences	References
P. aquatica	350–400 × 150–180 μm, scattered, flat cone	10–25 μm thick at the sides, textura angularis cells	110–175 × 30–37 μm, apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber	55–67 × 12–17 μm, overlapping 2–3-seriate, 5- septate, minute guttules, with a globose mucilaginous sheath	Decaying wood, submerged in freshwater	Thailand	ITS, LSU	Dong et al . (2020)
P. bambusina	300–500 × 150–300 μm, mostly grouped, beak none or short papillate	10–20 μm composed of flattened cells, at the rim, composed of polygonal cells	86–150 × 22–30 μm, short pedicel	42–64.5 × 7–10 μm, 3–5- septate, with an entire sheath	On dead twigs of Sasa kurilensis	Japan	ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α	Tanaka & Harada (2003) , Tanaka et al . (2015)
P. hongheensis	340–500 × 200–300 μm, gregarious, subglobose, uni-loculate, ostiolate, with a pore-like opening at the top	20–75 µm wide, dark brown to pale brown textura angularis cells	115–140 × 30–50 μm, fissitunicate, apically rounded, with a swollen end, with an inconspicuous ocular chamber	50–55 × 12–15 µm, overlapping 2–3-seriate, hyaline, 3–4-septate, enlarged at the 2nd cell from the apex, multi-guttulate, surrounded by a thin entire sheath	On dead culms of bamboo	China	ITS, LSU, SSU	Xie et al . (2022)
P. thysanolaenae	430–600 × 130–170 μm, solitary or clustered globose, 25–60 µm wide, textura uni-loculate, ostiole central, angularis with pore-like opening		50–120 × 10–33 μm, fissitunicate, with inconspicuous ocular chamber	45–55 × 7.5–11 μm, overlapping 2–3-seriate, 5–(6–7)-septate, enlarged at the 4th cell from the apex, large guttules, with an entire sheath	On dead stems of Thysanolaena maxima	China	ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α	Phookamsak et al . (2019)
P. yunnanensis	300–500 × 190–280 μm, gregarious, clustered in group, uniloculate, with a central ostiole	8–15 µm wide, poorly developed at the base, fusing with host composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis	130–180 × 20–30 μm, fissitunicate, short, furcate pedicel, apically rounded, with an distinct ocular chamber	40–55 × 5–8 μm, 2–3-seriate, 1–2-septate when immature, 3-septate when mature, guttulate, fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline, with a gelatinous sheath	On dead culm of bamboo	China	LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α	This study

Culture characteristics: Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 h. Colonies reach 32 mm diam. in 15 days under dark and at 28 °C conditions. Colonies circular, hairy, entire edge, the color of the colonies center is light brown, the outward color gradually becomes dark, and the color of the margin is dark brown from above, dark brown from below, and producing pigmentation on agar medium. Material examined: China , Yunnan Province , Dali , Cangshan mountain , ( 25°41′22″ N , 108°8′2″ E , 2381.26 m ), on dead culm of bamboo, 11 July 2021 , D.Q. Dai , DDQ02030 ( GMB1291 , holotype ), living culture, ex-type living culture, GMBCC1128 ; Ibid . ( ZHKU 22-0158 , isotype ), ex-isotype living culture, ZHKUCC 22-0290 . Notes: The nucleotide BLAST search of ITS sequence indicated that Parabambusicola yunnanensis (GMBCC1128 and ZHKUCC 22-0290) is similar to P. bambusina strain H4321 (87.42% similarity under 85% query cover), and strain KT2637 (87.23% similarity under 85% query cover). Nucleotide BLAST results of LSU sequence showed that P. yunnanensis (GMBCC1128 and ZHKUCC 22-0290) is similar to P. aquatica strain MFLUCC 18- 1140 (97.88% similarity under 97% query cover), and P. bambusina strain H4321 (87.43% similarity under 98% query cover). Based on a nucleotide pairwise comparison of ITS and LSU sequences showed that P. yunnanensis differs from P. aquatica (MLFUCC 18-1140, type strain) in 118/510 bp of ITS (23.1%), and 35/859 bp of LSU (3.03%). Parabambusicola yunnanensis differs from P. bambusina (H 4321, KT 2637, KH 139) in 124/536 bp of ITS (23.1%), and 26/858 bp of LSU (1.42%). Parabambusicola yunnanensis differs from P. hongheensis in 130/536 bp of ITS (24.2%), and 37/858 bp of LSU (4.3%). Our new species also differs from P. thysanolaenae (KUMCC 18-0147, type strain) in 136/536 bp of ITS (25.3%), and 33/858 bp of LSU (3.8%). Morphology of the new collection shares similar general characteristics with Parabambusicola in having immersed, raised ascomata, cylindrical, short, furcate-basedpedicellate asci with an ocular chamber and hyaline, fusiform, septate ascospores ( Tanaka et al . 2015 , Phookamsak et al . 2019 , Dong et al . 2020 , Xie et al . 2022 ). However, P. yunnanensis can be distinguished from P. aquatica and P. thysanolaenae in having 3-septate ascospores, while P. aquatica has 5-septate ascospores, P. thysanolaenae has 5–(6–7)-septate ascospores ( Phookamsak et al . 2019 , Dong et al . 2020 ). In addition, P. yunnanensis has longer asci (130–180 × 20–30 μm vs. 86–150 × 22–30 μm) than P. bambusina ( Tanaka & Harada 2003 , Tanaka et al . 2015 ). Parabambusicola hongheensis has wider peridium (20–75 µm vs. 8–15 µm) and wider ascospores (50–55 × 12–15 μm vs. 40–55 × 5–8 μm) than P. ynnanensis ( Xie et al . 2022 ) . Detailed morphological characteristics are mentioned in Table 2 . Phylogenetic analyses also proved that the new strains formed a well-separated branch with other species of Parabambusicola (100% ML and 1.00 PP, Figure 1 ). Based on morphological and phylogenetic studies, our new collection of Parabambusicola is introduced as a new species occurring on bamboo from China .