Type specimens and names assigned to Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) d’Olsoufieff, 1924, the largest New World dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini) Author Maldaner, Maria E. Author Cupello, Mario Author Ferreira, Daniela C. Author Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. text Zootaxa 2017 4272 1 83 102 journal article 32970 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.4 cb7585af-33bc-4b5e-a748-cbba9d080a34 1175-5326 583381 EC7977C6-AA05-4727-8122-F53F8D66F6DD Phanaeus ducalis Castelnau, 1840 : 79 . Available name. Type specimens: Unknown to us, but certainly, the description was based on a syntypic series (rather than a holotype), since Castelnau (1840) described sexual dimorphism. Type locality: ‘ Brésil ’ ( Castelnau 1840 ). Nomenclatural history: To our knowledge, the first author to cite P. ducalis among the synonyms of C. ensifer was Lacordaire (1856) , who thought this name referred to male of this species; this synonymy was endorsed by all subsequent revisers and cataloguers (e.g., Nevinson 1892 ; Gillet 1911 ; d’Olsoufieff 1924 ; Pessôa 1934 ; Blackwelder 1944 ; Edmonds & Zídek 2010 ). No syntypes of this name were found and, therefore, a lectotype designation is not possible at the moment. For more details, see the discussion above on P. sylvanus .