Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species Author Austin Daniel Rubinoff, Kyhl A. Author nov, sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. text Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 2024 56 29 59 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.14661935 0073-134X 14661935 Eccoptocera kualii , sp. nov. Figs. 1G, H ; 4A ; 7D Diagnosis. Eccoptocera kualii (Oʻahu) is most similar to E . foetorivorans (Butler) , the most common and widespread species of Eccoptocera on Oʻahu. Males can be distinguished most easily by the strongly red-washed forewings (gray or black in E . foetorivorans ), the rounded uncus (triangular in E . foetorivorans ), and the much shorter apicoterminal extension of the phallus (dramatically longer in E . foetorivorans ). Females can most reliably be distinguished by the conspicuous, complete median fascia (incomplete in E . foetorivorans ), and the presence of a triangular, tooth-like process obscuring a portion of the ostium (this process absent or only weakly developed in E . foetorivorans ). Type material. Holotype : Oʻahu: ♂ , Mokulēʻia F[orest] R[eserve], nr. Nike Greenhouse; 21.5456 , –158.1950 ; 610 m ; 19 ii 2023 ; K.A. Austin et al.; UVLED light sheet / DNA extraction KA0750 / KAA diss. #0980 ( UHIM ) . Paratypes ( 2♂♂ , 2♀♀ ). Oʻahu: 1♂ , 1♀ , same data as holotype / DNA extractions KA0749, KA0751 / KAA diss. #0979 ( ♀ ), #0981 ( ♂ ) ( UHIM ) . 1♀ , Mokulēʻia F[orest] R[eserve], in gulch nr. Pahole N[atural] A[rea] R[eserve]; 21.5439 , -158.1883 ; 460 m ; 19–20 ii2023 ; K. A.Austin ; UVbucket trap / DNA extraction KA0755 / KAA diss. #0985 ( UHIM ) . 1♂ , Pahole N[atural] A[rea] R[eserve],Mokulēʻia Trail ; 21.5371 , -158.1806 ; 637 m ; 30 ix – 1 x 2022 ; K. A. Austin , S. Schachat , T. Lendt , T. Smith ; UV bucket trap / DNA extraction 0660 / KAA diss. #0895 ( UHIM ) . Description. Male (n=3). Head . Scales on frons long, erect, pale whitish-brown on ventral half, dark brown on dorsal half; vertex with medial scales pale whitish-brown or silver, reddish-brown laterally; labial palpus approximately 2× width of compound eye, lateral scaling dark brown, scaling on second segment greatly expanded; medial surface with scaling pale gray, terminal segment dark brown. Ocellus moderate, nearly confluent with compound eye. Scape pale reddish-brown to dark brown; antennal notch present; sensillae minute, scarcely extending beyond scaling; dorsal scales of flagellum concolorous with scape. Thorax. Dorsum with scaling on anterior half silver-gray, scaling on posterior half dark brown or reddish-brown; tegulae intermixed with reddish-brown, dark brown, or silver scales, typically darker at base. Lateral surface of foreleg and midleg with scaling dark brown to black, femur often reddish-brown, tarsi ringed with silver scales; hindleg similar but paler. Dorsal surface of FW ( Fig. 1G ; FWL: 5.4–5.7 mm ) with costal fold extending from wing base to approximately 0.55× FW length; ground color reddish-brown or dark brown to black, scaling above costal fold especially reddish, remainder of wing heavily overlaid with grayishsilver strigulae; strigulae fairly distinct, basal strigulae silver-gray, triangular or nearly so, terminating at 0.33× costal fold; median strigulae comprised of two pairs of broad, oblique, parallel-sided bands extending from approximately 0.5× inner margin, parallel with termen, often obscured on medial margin before reaching costal strigulae; distal margin of median strigulae fused to medial margin of ocelloid patch near end of cell; ocelloid patch with three narrow black streaks; four pairs of costal strigulae present, the distal three pairs white or silver, the basal pair beyond end of costal fold often nearly concolorous with ground color, obscure; small subapical notch present along termen; fringe with scales black, occasionally with reddish-brown scales, often with extreme tip of these scales pale gray.Ventral surface of FW entirely brown except for small patches of pale gray or white scales at costal strigulae. Dorsal surface of HW brown; cubital pecten well-developed; anal region with small extension. Ventral surface of HW pale brown. Abdomen . Vestiture of abdomen grayish-brown. Genitalia ( Fig. 4A ) with uncus short, narrowed on posteromedial surface, terminally rounded, slightly inflated apically, with minute, posterior rounded process (often obscured in slide-mounted specimens); socius weakly developed, flaplike, with a patch of short, dense setae; tegumen arched, with long setae present over lateral surface; gnathos present as a pair of triangular lobes and a pair of weakly sclerotized narrow arms; valva long, slender, swollen at base with large, subtriangular basal excavation, neck of valva strongly constricted, sacculus sinuate, cucullus well developed, with large ventroterminal spine-like process; valvae asymmetrical, with right cucullus longer, more strongly curved; juxta triangular, with district medial ridge; caulis long, well developed, fused to anellus; phallus robust, swollen basally, broad, with short, upcurved apical extension; vesica with a dense patch of long, thin, deciduous, spine-like cornuti. Female (n=2). Head . Similar to male except without reddish scaling on vertex, antenna without antennal notch. Thorax . Similar to male except larger ( Fig. 1H ; FWL: 6.2–6.4 mm ), without any semblance of reddish scaling on dorsum or dorsal surface of FW, two additional pairs of pale dorsal strigulae along basal half of costa; costal fold, anal extension absent. Abdomen . Vestiture of abdomen similar to male. Genitalia ( Fig. 7D ) with papillae anales broad, subtriangular,apicallyacute,withshallow anteromedial excavation, flattened and evenly roughened on ventral surface; apophyses anteriores and posteriores approximately 0.5× length of S7; sterigma broad, semicircular; ostium elliptical; right side of lamella antevagenalis modified into a distinct, broad triangular process partially obscuring the ostium; ductus bursae short, relatively broad, with a short, membranous basal extension; colliculum present, well sclerotized, ring-like, incomplete; base of ductus bursae well-sclerotized, this sclerotization extending to ductus seminalis or just beyond, with a pair of parallel-side ridge-like processes on interior wall of the dorsal side; interior of corpus bursae with a pair of narrow, parallel, weakly sclerotized ridge-like processes extending from base of corpus bursae to approximately 0.25× length of corpus bursae on dorsal wall, terminating in a large, lightly sclerotized patch; corpus bursae with two well developed, opposed, thorn like signa, one situated in the middle of the sclerotized patch and the other situated opposite of it on the ventral wall; corpus bursae globose, inner surface evenly covered in minute spinules. Biology. The biology for Eccoptocera kualii is unknown, but we suspect it feeds as a leaf-tier on Metrosideros spp. or Syzygium sandwicense like other species of Hawaiian Eccoptocera . Only ʻōhiʻa lehua ( Metrosideros polymorpha ) was observed in the immediate vicinity of the collecting localities for this species. Distribution. Eccoptocera kualii is exclusively found in Pahole Natural Area Reserve and the surrounding area of Mokulēʻia Forest Reserve in the northern Waiʻanae Mountains where it is known from 460–637 meters elevation. Etymology. From Hawaiian “kualiʻi,” meaning a dwarfed plant or animal, referring to the size of this species, which is smaller than all other species of Eccoptocera except the enigmatic E . osteomelesana (Swezey) (Austin and Rubinoff 2023) . Conservation Status. Eccoptocera kualii is likely endangered. Despite numerous island-wide surveys for Eccoptocera on Oʻahu, Eccoptocera kualii is only known from three localities in a small portion of the northern Waiʻanae Mountains separated by just 1.1 miles . Its hypothesized host plant ( Metrosideros polymorpha ) is still widespread and common in the Waiʻanae Mountains, so it is unclear if some other factor is limiting its range, our hypothesis of host plant is inaccurate, or if it is naturally restricted to such a small area. Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death, a fungal disease caused by two species of Ceratocystis , is a burgeoning threat to all ʻōhiʻa forests in the Hawaiian Islands and poses a major risk to Eccoptocera kualii and most other species of Eccoptocera in Hawaiʻi .