Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature Author Leviton, Alan E. Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainibility, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 & Research Associate, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. aleviton@calacademy.org Author Siler, Cameron D. Department of Biology and Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK 73072 - 7029, USA & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines. camsiler@ou.edu Author Weinell, Jeffrey L. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 jweine2@gmail.com Author Brown, Rafe M. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines. rafe@ku.edu text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2018 Oxford, England 2018-03-29 64 14 399 568 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512589 journal article 299690 10.5281/zenodo.11512589 d7a23684-9222-422b-868a-6c8712a4fd05 0068-547X 11512589 Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus ( Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854a ) Photo figure 37 Southern Philippine Rat Snake Plagiodon erythrurus Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854:175 . Spilotes melanurus , Günther, 1879:78 ( Leyte ). Compsosoma melanurum var. manillensis , Müller, 1883:285 (Mindanao) . Compsosoma melanurum var. erythrurum , Fischer, 1885:80 , 101 (süd-Mindanao).— Boettger, 1886:108 (part: Leyte , Samar , Mindanao). Coluber erythrurus , Boulenger, 1894:62 (part: northern Leyte ).— Boettger, 1895:3 , 5 (part: Leyte , Mindanao, Samar, Sulu [= Jolo]); 1898:54 (part: Samar ). Elaphe erythrura , Griffin, 1911:260 (part: northern Leyte , Samar ).— Taylor, 1918a:260 (Bongao); 1922a:156 (part: Mindanao).— Leviton, 1979:108 . Elaphe erythrura erythrura , Smith, 1993:97 .— Gaulke, 1994b:140 (part). Coelognathus erythrurus , Helfenberger 2001:52 .— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:169 (part). Coelognathus erythrura erythrura , David, Pauwels, Lays, and Lenglet, 2006:215 .— Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos Alcala, and Brown, 2016:92 . TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN ( S ) .— Java (in error), corrected to Samar Id. , Philippines (see Leviton [1979:108 , 110]). Lectotype : MNHN 7224 , designated by Leviton [1979:103] ). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION ( Map 10A [p. 121]).— Basilan, Bohol, Camiguin Sur, Camotes Ids. (Pacijan, Poro), Dinagat, Leyte (Prov.: Leyte ), Mindanao (Prov.: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, South Cotabato, Davao, Maguindanao, Misamis Occidental, Sarangani, Zamboanga City), Samar (Prov.: Eastern Samar ), Sulu Archipelago (Bongao, Jolo, Siasi). (See summary in David, Pauwels, Lays, and Lenglet [2006:215] [in part].) GENERAL DISTRIBUTION ( OTHER THAN PHILIPPINES ) .— Indonesia (Sulawesi, Butung) (see Remarks below). REMARKS .— Leviton (1979:109) noted that specimens he had seen from Leyte , Samar , and eastern Mindanao appeared to have a more variegated mottled pattern on the tail than specimens he had seen from the Zamboanga Peninsula and the Sulu Archipelago, but because of the small sample size, he could not be sure how variable this might be. However, he also observed that in view of the differences seen among populations of other snakes inhabiting both eastern and western Mindanao (e.g., Cyclocorus nuchalis and Rhabdophis auriculara ), and given the island’s past Pleistocene geological history, future investigations may indeed justify recognition of two taxa. The population inhabiting the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Butung may represent a distinct subspecies, E. e. celebensis . CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN] .— The conservation status of Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List [2016] ver. 3.1, but IUCN notes that it is listed in the Catalogue of Life .